\u2500\u2500\u61f7\u5ff5\u8d99\u5929\u6069\u535a\u58eb<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5f15 \u8a00<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6b78\u6b63\u795e\u5b78\u4f5c\u70ba\u6b63\u7d71\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e4b\u50b3\u627f\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5f37\u8abf\u798f\u97f3\u4f7f\u547d\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b63\u7d71\u4e4b\u798f\u97f3\u4fe1\u4ef0\u9818\u4eba\u6b78\u4e3b\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u6559\u6703\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u91cd\u8996\u6587\u5316\u4f7f\u547d\uff0c\u81f4\u529b\u5728\u4eba\u985e\u6587\u5316\u3001\u85dd\u8853\u8207\u601d\u60f3\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u898b\u8a3c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e4b\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u800c\u6b64\u96d9\u91cd\u4f7f\u547d\u4e4b\u5be6\u8e10\u4fbf\u662f\u5728\u6b64\u6642\u6b64\u5730\u4e4b\u5834\u6240\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u800c\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u6b78\u6b63\u795e\u5b78\u4e4b\u6b77\u53f2\u5411\u5ea6\uff0c\u5f9e\u73fe\u5be6\u51fa\u767c\uff0c\u6295\u8eab\u6b77\u53f2\u8655\u5883\uff0c\u5f37\u8abf\u5177\u9ad4\u4e4b\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u6210\u70ba\u6b78\u6b63\u795e\u5b78\u601d\u60f3\u5be6\u8e10\u4e4b\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u4ea6\u662f\u6b77\u4ee3\u5049\u5927\u6b78\u6b63\u795e\u5b78\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4f7f\u547d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8d99\u5929\u6069\u535a\u58eb\u65bc2004\u5e741\u6708\u4e2d\u65ec\u5b89\u606f\u4e3b\u61f7\uff0c\u7121\u6578\u4e4b\u83ef\u4eba\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5728\u5404\u5730\u81ea\u767c\u5730\u767c\u8d77\u60bc\u5ff5\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u4ea6\u5beb\u4e86\u7121\u6578\u8ffd\u601d\u4e4b\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u4f86\u61f7\u5ff5\u9019\u4f4d\u7576\u4ee3\u4e2d\u570b\u6559\u6703\u9818\u8896\u4e4b\u4eba\u683c\u8207\u98a8\u9aa8\u3002\u672c\u6587\u8b39\u4ee5\u6b78\u6b63\u795e\u5b78\u4e4b\u4e09\u91cd\u5411\u5ea6\ufe30\u6b77\u53f2\u3001\u798f\u97f3\u8207\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u4f86\u900f\u8996\u8d99\u5929\u6069\u535a\u58eb\u4e00\u751f\u4e4b\u5fd7\u696d\uff0c\u85c9\u6b64\u7a81\u986f\u4ed6\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\u795e\u5b78\u53f2\u4e0a\u4e4b\u7368\u7279\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8207\u8ca2\u737b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1. \u6b77\u53f2\u4e4b\u5c0e\u5411 (Historical orientation)
\u300c\u4f60\u5011\u8981\u8ffd\u5ff5\u4e0a\u53e4\u7684\u4e8b, \u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u4e26\u7121\u5225\u795e\uff0c\u6211\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u518d\u6c92\u6709\u80fd\u6bd4\u6211\u7684\uff01\u6211\u5f9e\u8d77\u521d\u6307\u660e\u672b\u5f8c\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u5f9e\u53e4\u6642\u8a00\u660e\u672a\u6210\u7684\u4e8b\u8aaa\uff1a\u6211\u7684\u7c4c\u7b97\u5fc5\u7acb\u5b9a\uff0c\u51e1\u6211\u6240\u559c\u6085\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u5fc5\u6210\u5c31\u300d(\u8cfd \u56db\u516d9-10)\u3002\u4e0a\u5e1d\u85c9\u8457\u5148\u77e5\u4ee5\u8cfd\u4e9e\u5ba3\u544a\uff0c\u7942\u662f\u7368\u4e00\u8d85\u8d8a\u6b77\u53f2\u4e4b\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u537b\u53c8\u662f\u5728\u6b77\u53f2\u4e2d\u884c\u4e8b\u4e4b\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u6545\u6b64\u4eba\u8981\u8ffd\u5c0b\u4e0a\u53e4\u4e4b\u4e8b\uff0c\u63a2\u7a76\u6b77\u53f2\u4e4b\u8ecc\u8de1\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u4e4b\u6b77\u53f2\u662f\u7531\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6240\u638c\u7ba1\u8207\u5f15\u5c0e\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5076\u767c\u4e4b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u897f\u6587\u5316\u4e4b\u6b77\u53f2\u9577\u5eca\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6307\u660e\u672b\u5f8c\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u8a00\u660e\u672a\u6210\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u85c9\u6b64\u7acb\u5b9a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e4b\u7c4c\u7b97\uff0c\u6210\u5c31\u559c\u6085\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0d\u55ae\u662f\u8aaa\u8a71\u4e4b\u795e\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u4f5c\u4e8b\u4e4b\u4e3b\u5bb0\uff0c\u800c\u6b77\u53f2\u5c31\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u884c\u4e8b\u4e4b\u5834\u6240\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e4b\u8056\u7d93\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u6240\u6709\u5b97\u6559\u7d93\u5178\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c11\u6578 (\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u50c5\u6709)\u4ee5\u6b77\u53f2\u8a18\u6558\u9ad4\u5beb\u6210\u4e4b\u5178\u7c4d\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u53ef\u5c0d\u6bd4\u65bc\u4f5b\u6559\u7d93\u5377\u4e4b\u795e\u8a71\u9ad4\u88c1\uff0c\u300a\u9053\u5fb7\u7d93\u300b\u4e4b\u54f2\u7406\u6027\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4e4b\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ca\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u6559\u300a\u53ef\u862d\u7d93\u300b\u4e4b\u8a69\u6b4c\u9ad4\u88c1\u3002\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u820a\u7d04\u8056\u7d93\u8981\u7279\u5225\u4ee5\u6b77\u53f2\u8a18\u6558\u9ad4 (narrative)\u5beb\u6210\uff1f\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4ee5\u8cfd\u4e9e\u66f8\u6703\u5982\u6b64\u91cd\u8996\u8036\u548c\u83ef\u5728\u6b77\u53f2\u4e2d\u4e4b\u884c\u4e8b\uff1f\u9019\u4e9b\u5728\u5728\u90fd\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u6b77\u53f2\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e4b\u57fa\u672c\u5411\u5ea6\uff0c\u8d85\u8d8a\u6027\u4e4b\u771f\u7406\u5fc5\u9808\u95dc\u806f\u65bc\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u624d\u6709\u5225\u65bc\u795e\u8a71\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u986f\u660e\u4e00\u795e\u8ad6\u4fe1\u4ef0\u8207\u6b77\u53f2\u5411\u5ea6\u4e4b\u5fc5\u7136\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u7368\u4e00\u4e4b\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u5728\u4eba\u985e\u6b77\u53f2\u4e2d\u7368\u884c\u5947\u4e8b\u4e4b\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e4b\u6b77\u53f2\u6027\u4e0d\u55ae\u53ef\u898b\u65bc\u8056\u7d93\u555f\u793a\u4e4b\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u5448\u73fe\u65bc\u6b77\u4ee3\u795e\u5b78\u5f62\u614b\u4e4b\u8f49\u79fb\u4e2d\u3002\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u53e4\u5178\u795e\u5b78\u5927\u6210\u65bc\u5967\u53e4\u65af\u4e01(354-430)\u3002\u5728\u8ad6\u53ca\u795e\u4eba\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u5967\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u4e4b\u7126\u9ede\u70ba\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e4b\u6069\u5178\u8207\u4eba\u4e4b\u610f\u5fd7\u4e4b\u5c0d\u63da\u8207\u5c0d\u722d\uff0c\u6545\u5176\u8ad6\u8ff0\u662f\u4ee5\u795e\u4e4b\u6069\u5178\u70ba\u5c0e\u5411\uff0c\u537b\u4ee5\u4eba\u4e4b\u5fc3\u9748\u8207\u672c\u8cea\u70ba\u95dc\u61f7\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u4fbf\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u8457\u540d\u4e4b\u5967\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u4e4b\u300c\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\u8f49\u5411\u300d\u3002\u5230\u4e8616\u4e16\u7d00\u4e4b\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u56e0\u8457\u99ac\u4e01\u8def\u5fb7 (1483-1546)\u4e4b\u6df1\u9083\u500b\u4eba\u5b97\u6559\u610f\u8b58\uff0c\u6551\u6069\u4e4b\u7126\u9ede\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u62bd\u8c61\u4e4b\u4e3b\u9ad4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5be6\u5728\u4e4b\u500b\u9ad4\u3002\u5728\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e4b\u9707\u6012\u4e2d\uff0c\u7126\u616e\u800c\u6709\u7f6a\u4e4b\u500b\u4eba\u5982\u4f55\u53ef\u4ee5\u9003\u907f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e4b\u5be9\u5224\uff1f\u8def\u5fb7\u56de\u6b78\u81f3\u8056\u7d93\u4e2d\u4e4b\u57fa\u672c\u6551\u6069\uff0c\u4eba\u4e4b\u5f97\u6551\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u56e0\u8457\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e4b\u6069\u5178\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u4eba\u4e4b\u4fe1\u5fc3\u800c\u6210\u5c31\u3002\u4ed6\u6df1\u6df1\u5730\u9ad4\u6703\u4eba\u4e4b\u7121\u52a9\u8207\u7f6a\u6027\uff0c\u9818\u609f\u6069\u5178\u4e4b\u512a\u5148\u6027\u8207\u9810\u5b9a\u8ad6\u4e4b\u5fc5\u9808\u6027\u662f\u6551\u6069\u4e4b\u5fc5\u7136\u57fa\u790e\u3002\u5c0d\u8def\u5fb7\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u9810\u5b9a\u8ad6\u5c31\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e4b\u512a\u5148\u6069\u5178\u7a81\u7834\u4eba\u4e4b\u300c\u610f\u5fd7\u4e4b\u7d91\u7d81\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u52a0\u723e\u6587 (1509-64)\u4fbf\u4ee5\u300c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e4b\u65e8\u610f\u300d\u4f86\u8a6e\u91cb\u6551\u6069\u4e4b\u9810\u5b9a\u8ad6\uff0c\u5f9e\u6b77\u53f2\u4e4b\u8108\u7d61\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4ee5\u4e00\u7a2e\u5916\u5728\u5316\u8207\u6559\u7fa9\u6027\u4e4b\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u8a00\u8ff0\u6551\u6069\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u9810\u5b9a\u8ad6\u662f\u5927\u6210\u65bc\u52a0\u723e\u6587\uff0c\u5967\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u8207\u8def\u5fb7\u5747\u662f\u5728\u300c\u8ad6\u300d\u9810\u5b9a\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u5230\u4e86\u52a0\u723e\u6587\u624d\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u9810\u5b9a\u300c\u8ad6\u300d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8a2d\u5b9a\u4e86\u9810\u5b9a\u8ad6\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6559\u7fa9\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\u61c9\u6709\u4e4b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u9019\u4ea6\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u300c\u6b77\u53f2\u5316\u300d\u4e4b\u8a00\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e4b\u65e8\u610f\u4e0d\u662f\u300c\u4e0d\u98df\u4eba\u9593\u7159\u706b\u300d\u4e4b\u6559\u8a13\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6709\u95dc\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u6b64\u6642\u6b64\u5730\u4e4b\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u662f\u55ae\u6709\u95dc\u65bc\u62bd\u8c61\u4e4b\u6c38\u6046\u3002\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e4b\u65e8\u610f\u76f4\u63a5\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u4eca\u4e16\u4e4b\u5b89\u8eab\u7acb\u547d\u8207\u672a\u4f86\u4e4b\u6c38\u6046\u6b78\u5bbf\u3002\u52a0\u723e\u6587\u4e4b\u795e\u5b78\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u6b63\u7d71\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u795e\u5b78\u4e4b\u6b77\u53f2\u8f49\u5411\uff0c\u81ea\u6b64\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6559\u7fa9\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7384\u601d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5177\u9ad4\u601d\u7dad\u4e4b\u8a00\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e26\u5e36\u52d5\u6559\u6703\u5728\u5177\u9ad4\u4e4b\u6b77\u53f2\u8655\u5883\u4e2d\u5be6\u8e10\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e4b\u65e8\u610f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8d99\u5929\u6069\u535a\u58eb\u4f5c\u70ba\u6b78\u6b63\u5b97\u4e4b\u795e\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u9078\u64c7\u4e86\u4ee5\u6b77\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u4f5c\u70ba\u5176\u5b78\u8853\u5fd7\u696d\uff0c\u6b64\u7a2e\u795e\u5b78\u8207\u6b77\u53f2\u4e4b\u7d50\u5408\uff0c\u6b63\u6b63\u5c31\u662f\u6b78\u6b63\u795e\u5b78\u4e4b\u57fa\u8abf\u3002\u8d99\u7267\u5e2b\u5e38\u8a00\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u4e2d\u570b\u6559\u6703\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u4e86\u89e3\u4e2d\u570b\u6559\u6703\u4e4b\u6b77\u53f2\u3002\u6b64\u7a2e\u5f9e\u73fe\u5be6\u4f5c\u51fa\u767c\u9ede\uff0c\u4ee5\u6559\u6703\u70ba\u95dc\u6ce8\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6b78\u6b63\u795e\u5b78\u4e4b\u6b77\u53f2\u8f49\u5411\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u4e4b\u5b9a\u4f4d\u537b\u662f\u795e\u5b78\u601d\u60f3\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u55ae\u7d14\u4e4b\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u4ee5\u6b77\u53f2\u4f5c\u51fa\u767c\u9ede\uff0c\u537b\u662f\u4ee5\u795e\u5b78\u70ba\u7d42\u7d50\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u8d99\u5929\u6069\u535a\u58eb\u4e4b\u89c0\u9ede\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u300c\u6b77\u53f2\u4e4b\u795e\u5b78\u300d(theology of history) \uff0c\u8003\u5bdf\u932f\u7d9c\u8907\u96dc\u4e4b\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u537b\u662f\u4ee5\u795e\u5b78\u70ba\u95dc\u6ce8\u8207\u51fa\u8def\u3002\u6b64\u7a2e\u5e36\u8457\u6b63\u7d71\u4fe1\u4ef0\u8207\u4fe1\u5ff5\u4e4b\u6b77\u53f2\u5fd7\u696d\uff0c\u662f\u79c9\u627f\u8457\u5967\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u300a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e4b\u57ce\u300b\u4e4b\u50b3\u7d71\uff0c\u8207\u6539\u6559\u5bb6\u6295\u8eab\u7576\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u7cbe\u795e\u3002\u552f\u9858\u85aa\u706b\u76f8\u50b3\uff0c\u7e7c\u5f80\u958b\u4f86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2. \u798f\u97f3\u4e4b\u5c0e\u5411 (Evangelical orientation)
\u5341\u516d\u4e16\u7d00\u4e4b\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u4e0a\u627f\u5341\u56db\u3001\u5341\u4e94\u4e16\u7d00\u6587\u85dd\u5fa9\u8208\u6642\u4ee3\uff1b\u4e0b\u958b\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u555f\u8499\u904b\u52d5\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u4e4b\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u5747\u8a8d\u70ba\u6539\u6559\u904b\u52d5\u4e0d\u55ae\u662f\u627f\u5148\u555f\u5f8c\uff0c\u66f4\u5177\u6709\u6a1e\u7d10\u6027\u4e4b\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u6c92\u6709\u6539\u6559\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u4fbf\u7121\u6cd5\u8cab\u5fb9\u6587\u85dd\u5fa9\u8208\u6642\u4ee3\u5c0d\u4eba\u4e4b\u500b\u9ad4\u6027\u4e4b\u8ffd\u5c0b\uff1b\u6c92\u6709\u6539\u6559\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u4ea6\u7121\u6cd5\u5f15\u767c\u555f\u8499\u904b\u52d5\u5c0d\u6559\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8207\u4e00\u5207\u7368\u65b7\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e4b\u53cd\u6297\u3002\u6539\u6559\u904b\u52d5\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5728\u6b77\u53f2\u6e90\u6d41\u4e0a\u76f8\u9023\u65bc\u6587\u85dd\u5fa9\u8208\u8207\u555f\u8499\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u4f46\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u6539\u6559\u904b\u52d5\u537b\u53c8\u662f\u5c0d\u7acb\u8207\u6279\u5224\u9019\u4e9b\u904b\u52d5\u4e4b\u4e2d\u8207\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6b63\u7d71\u4fe1\u4ef0\u76f8\u9055\u80cc\u4e4b\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u7e3d\u7684\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6539\u6559\u904b\u52d5\u662f\u5c0b\u6c42\u4ee5\u795e\u70ba\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e4b\u4fe1\u4ef0\u8207\u4e16\u754c\u89c0\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u4f86\u6297\u8861\u4e00\u5207\u4ee5\u4eba\u8207\u4eca\u4e16\u70ba\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e4b\u601d\u6f6e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6539\u6559\u904b\u52d5\u4e4b\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4fe1\u4ef0\u662f\u8036\u7a4c\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u798f\u97f3, \u6545\u6b64\u99ac\u4e01\u8def\u5fb7\u8207\u4fe1\u773e\u81ea\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u798f\u97f3\u5b97\u300d(Evangelical)\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u4f5c\u70ba\u6539\u6559\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4ee3\u4e4b\u52a0\u723e\u6587\uff0c\u56e0\u8457\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u8207\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4e4b\u6c7a\u88c2\u5df2\u6210\u4e8b\u5be6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u4fbf\u81ea\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u6539\u9769\u5b97\u300d(Reformed)\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u6211\u5011\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u6539\u9769\u8207\u66f4\u65b0\u6559\u6703\uff0c\u4f7f\u6559\u6703\u8207\u4e16\u754c\u6b78\u6b63\u4e4b\u904b\u52d5\u3002\u8def\u5fb7\u8207\u52a0\u723e\u6587\u932f\u7d9c\u8907\u96dc\u4e4b\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u5df2\u5ee3\u88ab\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u4e0d\u8d05\u3002\u4f46\u6240\u6709\u6301\u5e73\u4e4b\u53f2\u5bb6\u8207\u6559\u7fa9\u53f2\u5b78\u8005\u5747\u8a8d\u5b9a\u4ed6\u5011\u4e8c\u8005\u662f\u4e00\u8108\u76f8\u627f\uff0c\u4e92\u76f8\u9023\u63a5\uff1b\u7279\u5225\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u4e8c\u8005\u4e4b\u6551\u8d16\u8ad6\uff0c\u5747\u662f\u5efa\u57fa\u65bc\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u6069\u5178\u795e\u5b78\u3002\u8def\u5fb7\u5f37\u8abf\u798f\u97f3\u70ba\u795e\u6551\u4eba\u4e4b\u300c\u4fe1\u606f\u300d\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u4ee5\u4fe1\u5fc3\u4f86\u8039\u807d\u8207\u63a5\u53d7\uff1b\u52a0\u723e\u6587\u5247\u8996\u798f\u97f3\u70ba\u795e\u6551\u4eba\u4e4b\u300c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u300d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u4ee5\u8a73\u7d30\u67e5\u770b\u8207\u6559\u5c0e\u3002\u4e0d\u8ad6\u662f\u8def\u5fb7\u4e4b\u5ba3\u8b1b\u5f0f\u8056\u9053\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u52a0\u723e\u6587\u4e4b\u66f8\u5beb\u5f0f\u8056\u9053\uff0c\u4e8c\u4eba\u4e4b\u795e\u5b78\u5747\u662f\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5e1d\u555f\u793a\u4e4b\u8056\u9053\u70ba\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u5047\u82e5\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0d\u4e3b\u52d5\u5411\u4eba\u555f\u793a\u7942\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u4eba\u662f\u7d55\u5c0d\u7121\u6cd5\u8a8d\u8b58\u795e\u3002\u555f\u793a\u4e4b\u5fc5\u9808\u6027\u8207\u512a\u5148\u6027\u8a2d\u5b9a\u4e86\u6b63\u7d71\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u795e\u5b78\u4e4b\u4e0d\u4e8c\u57fa\u77f3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6b64\u7a2e\u4ee5\u8056\u9053\u70ba\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e4b\u795e\u5b78\u662f\u6b78\u6b63\u795e\u5b78\u4e4b\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u795e\u5b78\u4e4b\u8d77\u6b65\u9ede\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e4b\u555f\u793a\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4eba\u4e4b\u6587\u5316\uff1b\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e4b\u4e3b\u6b0a\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4eba\u4e4b\u7d93\u9a57\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u6b63\u7d71\u6b77\u53f2\u6027\u4e4b\u6539\u6559\u795e\u5b78\u4fbf\u8207\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4e4b\u81ea\u7136\u795e\u5b78\uff0c\u53ca\u73fe\u4ee3\u4e4b\u6240\u6709\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e4b\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u795e\u5b78\u5206\u9053\u63da\u9463\u3002\u5230\u4e86\u8fd1\u4ee3\uff0c\u96a8\u8457\u65b0\u6b63\u7d71\u795e\u5b78\u4e4b\u8208\u8d77\uff0c\u6b63\u7d71\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u518d\u6b21\u9762\u5c0d\u885d\u64ca\u3002\u4ee5\u5df4\u7279 (1886-1968)\u70ba\u4ee3\u8868\u4e4b\u65b0\u6b63\u7d71\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u8207\u6b63\u7d71\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e00\u8d77\u6297\u8861\u81ea\u7531\u795e\u5b78\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u537b\u53c8\u5728\u57fa\u672c\u4e4b\u4fe1\u4ef0\u89c0\u4e0a\u8207\u6b63\u7d71\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5df4\u7279\u4f5c\u70ba\u5eff\u4e16\u7d00\u6700\u5177\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u4e4b\u795e\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u5176\u795e\u5b78\u7acb\u8db3\u9ede\u8207\u67b6\u69cb\u662f\u6539\u9769\u5b97\u7684\u3002\u5df4\u7279\u4e4b\u300c\u6559\u6703\u6559\u7fa9\u5b78\u300d\u4e4b\u8d77\u9ede\u662f\u555f\u793a\u4e4b\u5fc5\u9808\u6027\u8207\u512a\u5148\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u5df4\u7279\u4e4b\u555f\u793a\u89c0\u662f\u300c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u555f\u793a\u8ad6\u300d(revelation as event) \uff0c\u5373\u5c07\u555f\u793a\u5c0d\u7b49\u65bc\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e4b\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e4b\u8a71\u8a9e\u3002\u6545\u6b64\u5df4\u7279\u795e\u5b78\u7d93\u5e38\u7d66\u4eba\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u662f\u9677\u5165\u4e86\u552f\u4fe1\u8ad6 (fideism) \u4e4b\u7aa0\u81fc\uff0c\u5373\u4ee5\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e4b\u5167\u5728\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u51cc\u99d5\u65bc\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e4b\u5916\u5728\u95dc\u806f\u6027\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u95dc\u806f\u65bc\u4eba\u985e\u4e4b\u6587\u5316\u8207\u7d93\u9a57\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4eba\u8207\u795e\u4e4b\u95dc\u4fc2\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6551\u4eba\u4e4b\u4f5c\u70ba\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u5011\u537b\u662f\u900f\u904e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e4b\u8a71\u8a9e\u4f86\u660e\u767d\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e4b\u4f5c\u70ba\u3002\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f5c\u70ba\u6b77\u53f2\u6027\u4e4b\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u56fa\u7136\u5f37\u8abf\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5728\u6b77\u53f2\u4e2d\u4e4b\u555f\u793a\u8207\u4f5c\u70ba\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u5011\u5982\u4f55\u5f97\u77e5\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e4b\u555f\u793a\u53ca\u7406\u89e3\u795e\u8056\u4e4b\u4f5c\u70ba\uff1f\u56de\u6eaf\u6b63\u7d71\u4e4b\u6b78\u6b63\u795e\u5b78\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ad6\u662f\u8def\u5fb7\u4e4b\u300c\u8056\u9053\u8207\u8056\u79ae\u300d\u6216\u662f\u52a0\u723e\u6587\u4e4b\u300c\u8056\u9053\u8207\u8056\u9748\u300d\uff0c\u5747\u662f\u5f37\u8abf\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u4ee5\u8056\u7d93\u4e4b\u8a71\u8a9e\u4f86\u8a2d\u5b9a\u8207\u8a6e\u91cb\u4eba\u4e4b\u7d93\u9a57\u3002\u5728\u6b77\u53f2\u4e2d\u884c\u4e8b\u4e4b\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4ea6\u662f\u5728\u6b77\u53f2\u4e2d\u8aaa\u8a71\u4e4b\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u7121\u6cd5\u8a00\u50b3\u4e4b\u795e\u8056\u884c\u52d5\u5fc5\u9808\u900f\u904e\u8a00\u8aaa\u4f86\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4fbf\u662f\u90a3\u7121\u6cd5\u8a00\u8aaa\u4e4b\u5967\u79d8\uff0c\u800c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u795e\u5b78\u4ea6\u7121\u6cd5\u64fa\u812b\u4e0d\u53ef\u77e5\u8ad6\u4e4b\u9670\u5f71\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6b63\u5982\u6240\u6709\u6b63\u7d71\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e4b\u6b78\u6b63\u795e\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u8d99\u5929\u6069\u535a\u58eb\u4e00\u751f\u6240\u50b3\u8b1b\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u6b64\u7a2e\u6069\u5178\u6027\uff0c\u555f\u793a\u6027\u8207\u8a00\u8aaa\u6027\u4e4b\u798f\u97f3\u3002\u56b4\u5bb6\u797a\u5148\u751f\u8aaa\u53ca\u8d99\u7267\u5e2b\uff0c\u5f62\u5bb9\u300c\u4ed6\u7684\u4e00\u751f\u662f\u50b3\u64ad\u798f\u97f3\u7684\u4e00\u751f\u300d\uff0c\u771f\u662f\u4eba\u5982\u5176\u540d\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u751f\u50b3\u64ad\u5929\u6069\u4e4b\u4eba\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u6b64\u7a2e\u6b63\u7d71\u798f\u97f3\u4e4b\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u4f7f\u8d99\u7267\u5e2b\u5728\u795e\u5b78\u601d\u60f3\u8207\u6559\u80b2\u4e0a\uff0c\u7ad9\u7a69\u7acb\u5834\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e2d\u570b\u6559\u6703\u4e4b\u5b88\u671b\u4eba\u3002\u5728\u795e\u5b78\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u773e\u8aaa\u7d1b\u7d1c\u4e4b\u4e2d\u570b\u795e\u5b78\u754c\u6301\u5b88\u6b63\u7d71\u4e4b\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u6297\u8861\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u795e\u5b78\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u65b0\u6b63\u7d71\u6d3e\u795e\u5b78\u4e4b\u932f\u8aa4\u3002\u66f4\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u6b64\u7a2e\u6b63\u7d71\u798f\u97f3\u4e4b\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u795e\u5b78\u6559\u80b2\u4e0a\u626e\u6f14\u4e86\u5148\u77e5\u8207\u50ac\u5316\u5291\u4e4b\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u4ed6\u591a\u6b21\u53c3\u8207\u5275\u5efa\u795e\u5b78\u9662\uff0c\u52aa\u529b\u70ba\u4e2d\u570b\u6559\u6703\u4e4b\u795e\u5b78\u6559\u80b2\u7559\u4e0b\u6b63\u4fe1\u4e4b\u898f\u6a21\u3002\u8d99\u7267\u5e2b\u5728\u795e\u5b78\u4e0a\u6301\u5b88\u52a0\u723e\u6587\u4e94\u9ede (TULIP) \uff0c\u4f46\u537b\u4e0d\u5f37\u52a0\u65bc\u592a\u50f5\u786c\u5316\u4e4b\u8a6e\u91cb\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u4ed6\u5728\u670d\u4e8b\u4e2d\u570b\u5927\u9678\u4e4b\u5bb6\u5ead\u6559\u6703\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6c42\u540c\u5b58\u7570\uff0c\u7522\u751f\u5ee3\u6cdb\u4e4b\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3. \u6587\u5316\u4e4b\u5c0e\u5411 (Cultural orientation)
\u4ee5\u798f\u97f3\u6551\u570b\uff0c\u4ee5\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6551\u570b\u662f\u81ea\u4e94\u56db\u904b\u52d5\u4ee5\u964d\u8a31\u591a\u4e2d\u570b\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u4e4b\u53e3\u865f\u3002\u6545\u6b64\u5be9\u614e\u800c\u5168\u9762\u5730\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u570b\u5eff\u5e74\u4ee3\u53ca\u5f8c\u671f\u4e4b\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5728\u83ef\u53f2\u662f\u95dc\u9375\u6240\u5728\u3002\u8d99\u5929\u6069\u535a\u58eb\u8207\u6797\u6148\u4fe1\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u4ee5\u524d\u65bc\u9999\u6e2f\u4e2d\u570b\u795e\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u4efb\u6559\u4e4b\u6797\u69ae\u6d2a\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5747\u662f\u4e2d\u570b\u6559\u6703\u754c\u4e2d\u5c08\u6cbb\u4e2d\u570b\u6559\u6703\u53f2\u4e4b\u5b78\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u7814\u7a76\u8ad6\u984c\u5747\u6d89\u53ca\u6216\u805a\u7126\u65bc1920\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e4b\u4e2d\u570b\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6642\u671f\u3002\u7576\u6642\u4e4b\u4e2d\u570b\u98a8\u8d77\u96f2\u6e67\uff0c\u601d\u6f6e\u8d77\u4f0f\uff1b\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u4e4b\u77e5\u8b58\u754c\uff0c\u6709\u8d99\u7d2b\u5bb8\u3001\u5433\u96f7\u5ddd\u3001\u5f90\u5bf6\u8b19\u7b49\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5b78\u8005\uff0c\u5617\u8a66\u5e36\u52d5\u4e00\u7a2e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u65b0\u6587\u5316\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u56de\u61c9\u300c\u975e\u57fa\u540c\u76df\u300d\u4e4b\u6279\u5224\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5728\u6559\u6703\u754c\u6709\u5b8b\u5c1a\u7bc0\u3001\u738b\u660e\u9053\u7b49\u50b3\u9053\u4eba\uff0c\u5728\u5ee3\u6cdb\u4e4b\u57fa\u5c64\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e8b\u4f48\u9053\u8207\u7267\u6703\u4e4b\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e4b\u7fa4\u773e\u57fa\u790e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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