\u52a0\u723e\u6587\u8207\u5176\u8ffd\u96a8\u8005\uff1a\u6b78\u6b63\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u5c6c\u9748\u50b3\u7d71<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u52a0\u723e\u6587(John Calvin, 1509-1564)\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u751f\u65bc\u6cd5\u570b\u3001\u4e8b\u5949\u65bc\u65e5\u5167\u74e6\u3001\u8207\u99ac\u4e01\u8def\u5fb7(Martin Luther)\u540c\u671f\u7684\u6539\u6559\u5bb6\u3002\u5728\u628a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u795e\u5b78\u601d\u60f3\u7cfb\u7d71\u5316\u4e00\u4e8b\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u6240\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u5049\u5927\u8ca2\u737b\u662f\u5f8c\u4eba\u4e00\u81f4\u516c\u8a8d\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u572827\u6b72\u90a3\u5e74(1536)\u5c31\u5beb\u6210\u4e86\u8457\u540d\u7684\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u8981\u7fa9\u300b(Institutes of the Christian Religion)\u4e00\u66f8\u7684\u521d\u7a3f\u3002\u5176\u5be6\uff0c\u6574\u500b\u6539\u6559\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u7cbe\u9ad3\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u8056\u7d93\u5f9e\u795e\u8077\u4eba\u54e1\u624b\u4e2d\u89e3\u653e\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u8b93\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u5e73\u4fe1\u5f92\u90fd\u80fd\u5920\u76f4\u63a5\u95b1\u8b80\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u8a71\u8a9e\u3002\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u6539\u6559\u904b\u52d5\u6240\u4e89\u8b70\u7684\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u95dc\u4e4e\u6b0a\u5a01\u8ab0\u5b70\u7684\u554f\u9898—\u7a76\u7adf\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u6b0a\u5a01\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u6559\u7687\u548c\u6559\u6703\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u4f86\u81ea\u8056\u7d93\u7684\uff1f\u6539\u6559\u5bb6\u5011\u4e00\u81f4\u5805\u6301\uff0c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u6b0a\u5a01\u4e43\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u81ea\u555f\u4e4b\u9053\uff0c\u6559\u7687\u6216\u6559\u6703\u50b3\u7d71\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u653e\u5728\u9019\u81f3\u9ad8\u7684\u6b0a\u5a01\u4e4b\u4e0b\u3002\u800c\u52a0\u723e\u6587\u5c0d\u9019\u500b\u9ad8\u8209\u8056\u7d93\u3001\u60df\u7368\u8056\u7d93\u4e4b\u6539\u6559\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u56de\u61c9\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u900f\u904e\u64b0\u5beb\u6709\u95dc\u5c0d\u8056\u7d93\u7684\u8a3b\u91cb\u66f8\u548c\u4ed6\u91cb\u7d93\u6027\u7684\u8b1b\u53f0\u4e8b\u5949\u3002\u4ed6\u5beb\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u8981\u7fa9\u300b\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u4ee5\u63d0\u7db1\u6308\u9818\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u628a\u6574\u672c\u8056\u7d93\u7684\u7e3d\u539f\u5247\u63d0\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4f7f\u5e73\u4fe1\u5f92\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u7814\u8b80\u8056\u7d93\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5728\u7814\u7d93\u6642\u61c2\u5f97\u554f\u4e00\u4e9b\u95dc\u9375\u6027\u7684\u3001\u5207\u4e2d\u8981\u5bb3\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u8981\u7fa9\u300b\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u9084\u7e7c\u800c\u64b0\u5beb\u4e86\u5e7e\u4e4e\u5168\u672c\u8056\u7d93\u5404\u5377\u66f8\u7684\u91cb\u7d93\u66f8(\u81e8\u7d42\u524d\uff0c\u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u555f\u793a\u9304\u4e00\u66f8\u5c1a\u672a\u5b8c\u6210)\u3002\u4ed6\u5c0d\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u8981\u7fa9\u300b\u4e5f\u505a\u904e\u591a\u6b21\u7684\u4fee\u8a02\u3002\u4ed6\u57281559\u5e74\u6240\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u7d42\u7a3f\uff0c\u82f1\u8b6f\u7248\u9577\u90541400\u9801\uff0c\u8207\u8056\u7d93\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u7bc7\u5e45\u4e0d\u76f8\u4e0a\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8a31\u591a\u5c0d\u52a0\u723e\u6587\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4e0d\u751a\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u8aa4\u4ee5\u70ba\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u8981\u7fa9\u300b\u6240\u8b1b\u7684\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u300c\u9810\u5b9a\u8ad6\u300d\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u5011\u628a\u52a0\u723e\u6587\u4e5f\u8996\u70ba\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u51b7\u51b0\u51b0\u3001\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4eba\u60c5\u5473\u7684\u795e\u5b78\u5bb6\u3002\u5176\u5be6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4eba\u5011\u80fd\u5920\u771f\u6b63\u8a8d\u8b58\u52a0\u723e\u6587\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u767c\u73fe\u52a0\u723e\u6587\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u8207\u4e8b\u5949\u4e43\u5177\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u7279\u8272\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e00\u3001\u4ed6\u6240\u8ac7\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u662f\u4ee5\u8056\u7d93\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u7684\uff0c\u51e1\u662f\u8056\u7d93\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u90fd\u4e0d\u7565\u904e\u3001\u4e0d\u8ff4\u907f\uff1b\u51e1\u662f\u8056\u7d93\u6240\u6c89\u9ed8\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u4e0d\u4efb\u610f\u505a\u51fa\u81c6\u6e2c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u4ed6\u7684\u8b1b\u9053\u662f\u91cb\u7d93\u5f0f\u7684\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a8d\u8b58\u5230\u8056\u7d93\u4e43\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7528\u4eba\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u3001\u900f\u904e\u6b77\u53f2\u4e2d\u7684\u5177\u9ad4\u4eba\u7269\u4f86\u5411\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7fa4\u9ad4\u555f\u793a\u7942\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8a71\u8a9e\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u91cb\u7d93\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u8003\u616e\u5230\u4eba\u985e\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u4e0a\u7684\u898f\u7bc4\u3001\u8056\u7d93\u4f5c\u8005\u5beb\u4f5c\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u3001\u5beb\u4f5c\u5c0d\u8c61\u7684\u5904\u8655\u5883\u7684\u554f\u9898\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u91cb\u7d93\u6642\u9700\u8981\u7d50\u5408\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u968f\u610f\u7684\u9748\u610f\u89e3\u7d93\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u52a0\u723e\u6587\u89e3\u7d93\u7684\u539f\u5247\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u548c\u8b1b\u53f0\u4e8b\u5949\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u51fa\u65bc\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u7267\u8005\u7684\u5fc3\u61f7\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u900f\u904e\u9019\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u5728\u4fe1\u5f92\u7684\u5fc3\u9748\u4e2d\u57f9\u80b2\u51fa\u4e00\u80a1\u5c0d\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u656c\u8654\u4e4b\u5fc3\u3002\u4fe1\u4ef0\u77e5\u8b58\u4e43\u70ba\u751f\u767c\u656c\u8654\uff1b\u656c\u8654\u4e4b\u5fc3\u4e43\u9700\u6709\u771f\u7406\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u3002\u8fd9\u7a2e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u9053\u70ba\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4ee5\u656c\u62dc\u3001\u69ae\u8000\u4e0a\u5e1d\u70ba\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u52d5\u6027\u7684\u3001\u5fc3\u667a\u884c\u5408\u4e00\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u52a0\u723e\u6587\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u7279\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u52a0\u723e\u6587\u795e\u5b78\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u300c\u6069\u5178\u4e4b\u7d04\u300d(Covenant of grace) \u7684\u5f37\u8abf\uff0c\u9019\u8207\u8def\u5fb7\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\u7a0d\u6709\u5dee\u7570\u3002\u8def\u5fb7\u6240\u5f37\u8abf\u7684\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u300c\u56e0\u4fe1\u7a31\u7fa9\u300d\u9019\u4e00\u9805\u6559\u7fa9\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u9805\u6559\u7fa9\u4e5f\u6210\u70ba\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u795e\u5b78\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u4f46\u52a0\u723e\u6587\u6240\u770b\u5230\u7684\u5247\u662f\u4e00\u5e45\u66f4\u5168\u9762\u7684\u5716\u756b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5982\u4f55\u5f9e\u5275\u4e16\u8a18\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u5c31\u8207\u4eba\u7acb\u4e0b\u4e86\u6551\u8d16\u8a08\u756b\u7684\u6069\u5178\u4e4b\u7d04\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u9019\u500b\u6551\u8d16\u8a08\u756b\u5728\u4eba\u985e\u6b77\u53f2\u4e2d\u6309\u6b65\u5c31\u73ed\u5730\u5be6\u73fe\uff0c\u5373\u6240\u8b02\u6709\u300c\u6551\u6069\u6b77\u53f2\u300d(The history of redemption)\uff0c\u800c\u56e0\u4fe1\u7a31\u7fa9\u53ea\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u9019\u6574\u500b\u8056\u7d04\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u74b0\u7bc0\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u6240\u8b02\u6551\u6069\u6b77\u53f2\u5c31\u662f\u6307\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u8d77\u521d\u88ab\u9020\u3001\u5f8c\u56e0\u4eba\u7684\u58ae\u843d\u800c\u53d7\u5492\u8a5b\u3001\u518d\u7531\u57fa\u7763\u6551\u8d16\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c07\u4f86\u88ab\u5168\u7136\u6210\u5168\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u9019\u6574\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u3002\u800c\u9019\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u90e8\u4efd\uff0c\u8056\u7d93\u90fd\u6709\u8a71\u8aaa\u3002
\u56e0\u6551\u6069\u662f\u95dc\u4e4e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u9078\u6c11\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u52a0\u723e\u6587\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e5f\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u6559\u6703\u70ba\u5176\u5c0e\u5411\u3002\u52a0\u723e\u6587\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u7279\u8272\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6709\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u6559\u6703\u89c0\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u6559\u6703\u7684\u4e3b\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u738b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u52a0\u723e\u6587\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u4e5f\u8ad6\u5230\u4fe1\u5f92\u61c9\u7576\u5982\u4f55\u770b\u5f85\u4e16\u754c\u3001\u6587\u5316\u3001\u653f\u6b0a\u7b49\u4e8b\u5b9c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u7e3d\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5c0d\u52a0\u723e\u6587\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u8a8d\u8b58\uff0c\u4e0d\u61c9\u55ae\u4ee5\u4e00\u9805\u300c\u9810\u5b9a\u8ad6\u300d\u4f86\u6982\u62ec\u3002\u66f4\u5168\u9762\u4e00\u9ede\u6765\u8aaa\uff0c\u52a0\u723e\u6587\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e43\u5177\u5099\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5e7e\u5927\u7279\u9ede\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1. \u5fe0\u65bc\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u8a71\u8a9e\u3001\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u555f\u793a\u2500\u2500\u8056\u7d93 (The Word of God)
2. \u9ad8\u8209\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4e3b\u6b0a (The Sovereignty of God)
3. \u5f37\u8abf\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u8056\u7d04(The Covenant of God)
4. \u5ba3\u7a31\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u666e\u4e16\u738b\u6b0a (The universal Lordship of Christ)
5. \u6b63\u9762\u80af\u5b9a\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4f7f\u547d(The Cultural Mandate of Christians)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u6b78\u6b63\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5728\u5f80\u5f8c\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u8ecc\u8de1\uff0c\u4e5f\u61c9\u7576\u5f9e\u9019\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u8457\u773c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u52a0\u723e\u6587\u5728\u65e5\u5167\u74e6\u7267\u6703\u6642\uff0c\u5f9e\u6b50\u6d32\u5404\u5730\u7684\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u6559\u5f92\u7d1b\u7d1b\u4f86\u5230\u65e5\u5167\u74e6\uff0c\u53d7\u6559\u65bc\u4ed6\u9580\u4e0b\u3002\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u52a0\u723e\u6587\u7684\u9019\u7a2e\u4ee5\u8056\u7d93\u70ba\u672c\u3001\u4ee5\u6559\u6703\u70ba\u4f9d\u6b78\u7684\u795e\u5b78\u601d\u60f3\u5c31\u5982\u718a\u718a\u70c8\u706b\u5728\u6b50\u6d32\u5927\u9678\u71c3\u71d2\u958b\u4f86\u3002\u6240\u5f71\u97ff\u4e4b\u5730\u6709\u82f1\u683c\u862d\u3001\u8607\u683c\u862d\u3001\u8377\u862d\u3001\u5fb7\u570b\u3001\u6cd5\u570b\u3001\u5308\u7259\u5229\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u6b50\u6d32\u5730\u5340\u3002\u4e0d\u53ef\u5ffd\u7565\u7684\u4e00\u9ede\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u5f92\u5728\u9019\u500b\u6642\u671f\u4e43\u9762\u81e8\u7740\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6559\u5ef7\u56b4\u53b2\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u903c\u8feb\u3002\u64da\u7a31\uff0c\u5728\u65e5\u5167\u74e6\u53d7\u8a13\u5f8c\u5dee\u5f80\u5404\u5730\u5de5\u5834\u4e8b\u5949\u7684\u7562\u696d\u751f\uff0c\u5176\u5e73\u5747\u58fd\u547d\u53ea\u6709\u516d\u500b\u6708\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u6539\u6559\u8fd0\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u5185\u90e8\u4e5f\u7522\u751f\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u6975\u7aef\u4efd\u5b50\uff0c\u5982\u91cd\u6d17\u6d3e\uff08Anabaptists\uff09\u548c\u552f\u9748\u6d3e\uff08Spiritualists\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u62d2\u7d55\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u6559\u6703\u50b3\u7d71\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u5c0d\u932f\u3002\u4e26\u4e14\u5426\u5b9a\u5949\u4e09\u4e00\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e4b\u540d\u6240\u884c\u4e4b\u8056\u79ae\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u53ea\u6ce8\u91cd\u8056\u9748\u5c0d\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u5f15\u5c0e\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6539\u6559\u5bb6\u9664\u4e86\u8981\u8207\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6297\u8861\u5916\uff0c\u9084\u8981\u8655\u7406\u8fd9\u9019\u4e9b\u5f9e\u4ed6\u5011\u5185\u90e8\u7522\u751f\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u6975\u7aef\u4efd\u5b50\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u521d\u671f\u6559\u6703\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6b78\u6b63\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u6559\u7fa9\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u9019\u6bb5\u66b4\u98a8\u96e8\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\u4e2d\u6210\u5f62\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728\u82f1\u570b\uff0c\u65bc1555\u81f31710\u5e74\u9593\uff0c\u52a0\u723e\u6587\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5247\u4ee5\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u904b\u52d5(Puritan movement)\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5c55\u958b\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u7576\u6642\u82f1\u570b\u7684\u570b\u738b\u4ea8\u5229\u516b\u4e16\u4e43\u56e0\u4ed6\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u800c\u812b\u96e2\u7f85\u99ac\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u5fc3\u71b1\u8877\u65bc\u6539\u6559\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u52a0\u723e\u6587\u6559\u5c0e\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u82f1\u570b\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u5f92\uff0c\u5247\u5b9a\u610f\u8981\u5728\u82f1\u570b\u5b8c\u6210\u6539\u6559\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u4f7f\u547d\u3002\u201c\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u201d\u9019\u4e00\u540d\u7a31\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u5c0d\u6559\u6703\u7684\u6e05\u7406\uff0c\u5c07\u6559\u6703\u4e2d\u4e00\u5207\u975e\u4f86\u81ea\u8056\u7d93\u3001\u800c\u662f\u7e7c\u627f\u4e86\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4e4b\u7d93\u5916\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u907a\u50b3\uff0c\u5168\u90e8\u6839\u9664\u3002\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u7684\u6559\u7267\u4eba\u54e1\u4e3b\u5f35\uff0c\u4fe1\u5f92\u5728\u656c\u62dc\u5100\u5f0f\u3001\u6559\u5c0e\u3001\u6559\u7fa9\u3001\u6559\u6703\u751f\u6d3b\u7b49\u4e00\u5207\u4e8b\u4e0a\uff0c\u90fd\u8981\u4ee5\u8056\u7d93\u70ba\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u6b0a\u5a01\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6578\u7684\u82f1\u570b\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u7267\u8005\u7684\u8b1b\u9053\u4e8b\u5949\u4e2d\uff0c\u751f\u5e73\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u807d\u5230\u798f\u97f3\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728\u5317\u90e8\u7684\u8607\u683c\u862d\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u53d7\u6559\u65bc\u52a0\u723e\u6587\u9580\u4e0b\u7684\u5b78\u751f\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u8607\u683c\u862d\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c31\u5b9a\u610f\u8981\u628a\u8607\u683c\u862d\u6539\u8b8a\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u8056\u7d04\u70ba\u898f\u7bc4\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u6559\u6703\u8207\u541b\u738b\u90fd\u8981\u5c0a\u57fa\u7763\u70ba\u738b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5f8c\u4f86\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u82f1\u8a9e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u52a0\u723e\u6587\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\uff0c\u5728\u82f1\u570b\u570b\u6703\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u4e0b\uff0c\u4fbf\u53ec\u958b\u4e86\u6b77\u53f2\u6027\u7684\u97cb\u654f\u65af\u5fb7\u6703\u8b70\uff08Westminster Assembly\uff09\u3002\u7576\u6642\uff0c\u6578\u767e\u4f4d\u6700\u512a\u79c0\u7684\u3001\u4f86\u81ea\u82f1\u683c\u862d\u548c\u8607\u683c\u862d\u7684\u52a0\u723e\u6587\u8ffd\u96a8\u8005\uff0c\u4e00\u540c\u805a\u96c6\u5230\u502b\u6566\uff0c\u7528\u4e864\u5e74\u7684\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u628a\u6b78\u6b63\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u8981\u7fa9\u4ee5\u4fe1\u689d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5beb\u6210\uff0c\u5373\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300aWestminster Standards\u300b\uff08\u6ce81\uff09 \uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u5f71\u97ff\u5f8c\u4e16\u6b78\u6b63\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6587\u737b\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u5c0e\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u4e0d\u50c5\u9650\u65bc\u4fe1\u5949\u52a0\u723e\u6587\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u9577\u8001\u6703\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u5b97\u6d3e\u3002\uff08\u6ce82\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u800c\u5728\u6b50\u6d32\u5927\u9678\uff0c\u5247\u5c6c\u8377\u862d\u7684\u6b78\u6b63\u904b\u52d5\u767c\u5c55\u5f97\u6700\u84ec\u52c3\u3002\u5176\u5be6\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u8a31\u591a\u8377\u862d\u7684\u6b78\u6b63\u4fe1\u5f92\u4e26\u975e\u76f4\u63a5\u53d7\u6559\u65bc\u52a0\u723e\u6587\u7684\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u7576\u6642\u5728\u8377\u862d\u5357\u90e8\u7684\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u52e2\u529b\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u6514\u963b\u4e86\u7531\u8377\u862d\u901a\u5f80\u65e5\u5167\u74e6\u7684\u901a\u9053\u3002\u65bc\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u53d7\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u903c\u8feb\u7684\u8377\u862d\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u5f92\uff0c\u5c31\u5317\u4e0a\u9003\u5f80\u6539\u6559\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u767c\u6e90\u5730—-\u5fb7\u570b\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\u9047\u898b\u4e86\u5f9e\u82f1\u502b\u6d77\u5cfd\u90a3\u908a\u56e0\u8eb2\u907f\u5b97\u6559\u903c\u8feb\u800c\u9003\u904e\u4f86\u7684\u82f1\u570b\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u53d7\u5230\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e45\u52a0\u723e\u6587\u7684\u8ffd\u96a8\u8005\u5728\u8377\u862d\u4fbf\u6f38\u6f38\u58ef\u5927\u8d77\u4f86\u3002\u5176\u5be6\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u5728\u8377\u862d\u7684\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u5f92\u4e2d\uff0c\u4fe1\u5949\u52a0\u723e\u6587\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u4e43\u662f\u5c11\u6578\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6578\u662f\u91cd\u6d17\u6d3e\u4eba\u58eb\u3002\u4f46\u7531\u65bc\u52a0\u723e\u6587\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u5c0d\u793e\u6703\u6587\u5316\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u7b49\u5747\u6301\u6709\u6b63\u9762\u3001\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u91cd\u6d17\u6d3e\u4eba\u58eb\u5247\u63a1\u53d6\u907f\u4e16\u3001\u9000\u96b1\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u52a0\u723e\u6587\u7684\u8ffd\u96a8\u8005\u5c31\u6f38\u6f38\u5730\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u821e\u53f0\u4e0a\u8208\u8d77\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u4e0d\u4e45\u5f8c\u6574\u500b\u8377\u862d\u5c31\u4ee5\u52a0\u723e\u6587\u4e3b\u7fa9\u70ba\u4e3b\u5c0e\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u4e5f\u70ba\u8377\u862d\u65e5\u5f8c\u7684\u9ec3\u91d1\u6642\u4ee3\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u790e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u52a0\u723e\u6587\u5c0d\u4eba\u7684\u7f6a\u6027\u3001\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5b8c\u5168\u81ea\u4e3b\u3001\u81ea\u767c\u4e4b\u6069\u5178\u7684\u900f\u5fb9\u8a8d\u8b58\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u8207\u7f6a\u4eba\u7684\u5929\u7136\u672c\u6027\u76f8\u9055\u80cc\u7684\u3002\u4eba\u7e3d\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u70ba\u4eba\u7684\u300c\u5df1\u300d\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u53ef\u53d6\u4e4b\u8655\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u5c31\u81ea\u7136\u8981\u5c0d\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5b8c\u5168\u4e3b\u52d5\u3001\u4e0d\u5e36\u689d\u4ef6\u7684\u6551\u6069\u6253\u4e00\u4e9b\u6298\u6263\u4e86\u3002\u7576\u52a0\u723e\u6587\u7684\u9580\u751f\u7e7c\u7e8c\u50b3\u905e\u4ed6\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6642\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e09\u4ee3\uff0c\u5728\u8377\u862d\uff0c\u52a0\u723e\u6587\u7684\u63a5\u73ed\u4eba\u4f2f\u6492(Theodore Beza)\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c31\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u963f\u6c11\u5ff5(Arminus)\u3002\u963f\u6c11\u5ff5\u671f\u671b\u5c0d\u52a0\u723e\u6587\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u7a0d\u4f5c\u4fee\u6539\u4f7f\u4e4b\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u4eba\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u4ed6\u5c0d\u6551\u6069\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e94\u5927\u8981\u9ede\uff0c\u672c\u4ee5\u70ba\u90a3\u662f\u5c0d\u52a0\u723e\u6587\u4e4b\u601d\u60f3\u4f5c\u8edf\u5316\u6027\u7684\u4fee\u8a02\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u5c31\u8b8a\u6210\u4e86\u8207\u52a0\u723e\u6587\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u9053\u800c\u99b3\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u963f\u6c11\u5ff5\u4e3b\u5f35\uff0c\u4eba\u4e26\u975e\u5b8c\u5168\u58ae\u843d\u3001\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5c0d\u4eba\u7684\u63c0\u9078\u662f\u6709\u689d\u4ef6\u7684\u3001\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u8d16\u50f9\u662f\u70ba\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u4ed8\u7684\u3001\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u662f\u80fd\u5920\u6297\u62d2\u8056\u9748\u7684\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u4fe1\u5f92\u5f97\u6551\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u662f\u6703\u6539\u8b8a\u7684\u3002\u52a0\u723e\u6587\u7684\u8ffd\u96a8\u8005\u4ee5\u5176\u5c0d\u6551\u6069\u3001\u5c0d\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u654f\u611f\u5ea6\uff0c\u7acb\u5373\u610f\u8b58\u5230\u9019\u7a2e\u932f\u8b2c\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u56b4\u91cd\u6027\u548c\u5371\u5bb3\u6027\u3002\u65bc\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u53ec\u96c6\u4e86\u8377\u862d\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u6b50\u6d32\u5730\u5340\u7684\u6b78\u6b63\u6559\u7267\uff0c\u5728\u8377\u862d\u7684\u591a\u7279\u57ce(Dort)\u53ec\u958b\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u5168\u6559\u6703\u6027\u7684\u8b70\u6703\uff0c\u5373\u6559\u6703\u53f2\u4e0a\u8457\u540d\u7684\u591a\u7279\u6703\u8b70(Synod of Dort)\u3002\u6703\u8b70\u4e2d\uff0c\u6b63\u5f0f\u5b9a\u963f\u6c11\u5ff5\u4e3b\u7fa9\u70ba\u7570\u7aef\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5c31\u963f\u6c11\u5ff5\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4e94\u9ede\uff0c\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u4e94\u9805\u56de\u61c9\u3002\u90a3\u4fbf\u662f\u5f8c\u4eba\u6240\u719f\u6089\u7684\u52a0\u723e\u6587\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e94\u5927\u8981\u9ede\u3002\uff08\u6ce83\uff09\u4e0d\u4e86\u89e3\u52a0\u723e\u6587\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u4ee5\u70ba\u9019\u4e94\u9ede\u5c31\u7e3d\u7d50\u4e86\u52a0\u723e\u6587\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u5176\u5be6\u9019\u4e94\u9ede\u65e2\u975e\u52a0\u723e\u6587\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u539f\u5275\uff0c\u4e5f\u975e\u52a0\u723e\u6587\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5168\u8c8c\u3002\u5176\u6240\u8ad6\u53ca\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u5c6c\u65bc\u6551\u6069\u4e4b\u65bd\u884c\u90a3\u90e8\u4efd\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u8981\u9ede\u800c\u5df2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5341\u4e03\u4e16\u7eaa—-\u6539\u6559\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u9032\u6df1\u968e\u6bb5<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u9032\u5165\u5341\u4e03\u4e16\u7d00\u5f8c\uff0c\u6b78\u6b63\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u64da\u9ede\u8981\u5c6c\u8377\u862d\u548c\u8607\u683c\u862d\uff0c\u800c\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u5728\u82f1\u683c\u862d\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u5247\u56e0\u82f1\u7687\u7684\u5e72\u9810\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u7121\u6cd5\u9806\u5229\u9032\u884c\u3002\u65bc\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u7070\u5fc3\u5931\u610f\u4e4b\u6642\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u4fe1\u5f92\u5c31\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6f02\u6d0b\u904e\u6d77\uff0c\u5230\u7f8e\u6d32\u65b0\u5927\u9678\u53e6\u8d77\u5bb6\u5712\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u4e00\u500b\u4ee5\u8056\u7d93\u70ba\u672c\u7684\u6559\u6703\u548c\u793e\u6703\u5718\u9ad4\u3002
\u4ed6\u5011\u5230\u4e86\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u6771\u5317\u90e8\uff0c\u628a\u90a3\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u547d\u540d\u70ba\u65b0\u82f1\u683c\u862d\uff08New England\uff09\uff0c\u7acb\u5fd7\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u4e00\u5ea7\u300c\u5c71\u4e0a\u4e4b\u57ce\u300d(City upon the hill)\u65bc\u4e16\u9593\u3002\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u8b93\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u7956\u570b\u82f1\u683c\u862d\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u4ee5\u8056\u7d93\u70ba\u672c\u7684\u793e\u6703\u548c\u6559\u6703\u7684\u5178\u7bc4\u3002\u5728\u9019\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\u88e1\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u7fa4\u52a0\u723e\u6587\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u5c0d\u300c\u8056\u7d04\u300d\u6307\u5c0e\u4e0b\u7684\u6559\u6703\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u3001\u793e\u6703\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u7b49\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u907a\u7522\uff0c\u5c0d\u7f8e\u570b\u5f8c\u4f86\u7684\u61b2\u653f\u3001\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u6975\u5176\u6df1\u9060\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u7f8e\u570b\u8a31\u591a\u7684\u653f\u3001\u6559\u7406\u5ff5\u548c\u50b3\u7d71\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u7576\u5e74\u65b0\u82f1\u683c\u862d\u5730\u5340\u7684\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u6240\u4f5c\u51fa\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6b64\u6642\uff0c\u6574\u500b\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5df2\u6f38\u6f38\u5f9e\u8207\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6297\u8861\u3001\u5c0d\u7acb\u7684\u968e\u6bb5\uff0c\u8f49\u5411\u5c0d\u5167\u90e8\u3001\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u6559\u7fa9\u4f5c\u66f4\u7cbe\u78ba\u3001\u66f4\u7d30\u7dfb\u7684\u5c55\u8ff0\u3002\u800c\u81f3\u65bc\u5c0d\u5916\u5ba3\u6559\uff0c\u8d0f\u53d6\u672a\u5f97\u4e4b\u6c11\u4e00\u4e8b\uff0c\u5247\u8981\u7b49\u5230\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u3002\u4f46\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5728\u9019\u6bb5\u6642\u671f\u7684\u5ba3\u6559\u4e8b\u696d\u5247\u975e\u5e38\u84ec\u52c3\u3002\u8036\u7a4c\u6703\u5dee\u5f80\u4e9e\u6d32\u7684\u5ba3\u6559\u58eb\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u9019\u500b\u6539\u6559\u6642\u671f\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u3002\u5229\u746a\u7ac7\u7b49\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5ba3\u6559\u58eb\u5e36\u5230\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u66f4\u6709\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4f46\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\u795e\u5b78\u8207\u5ba3\u6559\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u6b78\u6b63\u4fe1\u4ef0\u6240\u5f37\u8abf\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u5411\u662f\u4eba\u7684\u58ae\u843d\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u672c\u7684\u6587\u5316\u6216\u6587\u660e\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u5b83\u6709\u591a\u9ebc\u9ad8\u5c1a\u3001\u591a\u9ebc\u9032\u6b65\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u4e0d\u662f\u58ae\u843d\u4e14\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u62ef\u6551\u7684\u3002\u800c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6839\u64da\u591a\u99ac\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff08Thomism\uff09\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u5c0d\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u6027\u5728\u5c0b\u6c42\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e0a\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u662f\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5ba3\u6559\u58eb\u4f86\u83ef\u7684\u5ba3\u6559\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5f9e\u6b63\u9762\u4f86\u8b1b\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u5168\u9762\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u4ed6\u5011\u4e0d\u50c5\u53ea\u8b1b\u5c6c\u9748\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e5f\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u793e\u6703\u6587\u5316\u3001\u6587\u660e\u5efa\u8a2d\u7b49\u3002\u4f46\u5f9e\u8ca0\u9762\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u7576\u9019\u4e9b\u5ba3\u6559\u58eb\u63a5\u89f8\u5230\u535a\u5927\u7cbe\u6df1\u7684\u4e2d\u570b\u6587\u5316\u6642\uff0c\u6df1\u6df1\u70ba\u4e4b\u5438\u5f15\uff0c\u4ee5\u5148\u80af\u5b9a\u4e2d\u570b\u6587\u5316\u8207\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u76f8\u878d\u6027\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5e0c\u671b\u85c9\u8457\u628a\u5b54\u5b5f\u601d\u60f3\u8207\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u76f8\u878d\u532f\u7684\u8b77\u6559\u9032\u8def\uff0c\u628a\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u5e36\u5230\u57fa\u7763\u9762\u524d\u3002\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u975e\u4f46\u6c92\u6709\u4f7f\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u6b78\u5411\u57fa\u7763\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u4ed6\u5011\u8d77\u521d\u50b3\u6559\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u6700\u5f8c\u6240\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5112\u8036\u6df7\u5408\u7684\u7522\u54c1\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u5728\u5f15\u4eba\u6b78\u4e3b\u9019\u65b9\u9762\u4f5c\u51fa\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6210\u7e3e\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u5011\u88ab\u570b\u4eba\u6240\u7d00\u5ff5\u7684\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u5982\u4f55\u628a\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u6587\u660e\u4ecb\u7d39\u5230\u4e2d\u570b\u4e00\u4e8b\u3002\u6b64\u6bb5\u63d2\u66f2\uff0c\u96d6\u8207\u6b78\u6b63\u904b\u52d5\u7121\u95dc\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u70ba\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5c07\u8981\u8ac7\u5230\u7684\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u7684\u5ba3\u6559\u767c\u5c55\u4f5c\u4e00\u4f0f\u7b46\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6539\u6559\u904b\u52d5\u9032\u5165\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u5f8c\uff0c\u6574\u500b\u52a0\u723e\u6587\u601d\u60f3\u4e0b\u7684\u5404\u5730\u6559\u6703\u90fd\u8457\u91cd\u65bc\u63a2\u8a0e\u6551\u6069\u7684\u5be6\u65bd\u8207\u5f97\u6551\u5f8c\u7684\u5c6c\u9748\u751f\u547d\u3002\u6b78\u6b63\u6559\u7267\u6b64\u6642\u4fbf\u5728\u5169\u7a2e\u504f\u9817\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u6301\u5e73\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u5f37\u8abf\u56e0\u4fe1\u7a31\u7fa9\u3001\u4e0d\u9760\u884c\u70ba\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u4eba\u5f80\u5f80\u5bb9\u6613\u58ae\u5165\u4e00\u7a2e\u53cd\u5f8b\u6cd5\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff08Antinomianism\uff09\u7684\u5fc3\u614b\u4e2d\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u6ce8\u91cd\u5f97\u6551\u5f8c\u7684\u6210\u8056\u751f\u547d\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u4eba\u5219\u5bb9\u6613\u58ae\u5165\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b0\u5f8b\u6cd5\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff08Neonomianism\uff09\u7684\u5149\u666f\u4e2d\u3002\u6301\u6b78\u6b63\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u7267\u8005\u70ba\u7406\u6e05\u9019\u4e9b\u6559\u7fa9\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u5beb\u4e0b\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u8457\u4f5c\u3002\u9019\u6bb5\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u6551\u6069\u8ad6\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u4e43\u9054\u5230\u4e86\u53f2\u7121\u524d\u4f8b\u7684\u8f1d\u714c\u548c\u6210\u719f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5f9e\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u6539\u6559\u904b\u52d5\u6240\u4e89\u8b70\u4e43\u5728\u65bc\u6559\u7fa9\u7684\u6b63\u78ba\u8207\u5426\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u5f92\u4e0d\u7981\u5815\u5165\u4e00\u4e2d\u7d14\u4ee5\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u80fd\u5426\u6b63\u78ba\u5730\u9053\u51fa\u6559\u7fa9\u4f86\u5b9a\u4ed6\u662f\u5426\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e45\u5f8c\uff0c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5c31\u8b8a\u5f97\u67af\u71e5\u3001\u50f5\u786c\uff0c\u53ea\u6210\u70ba\u982d\u8166\u4e0a\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u3002\u65bc\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u6539\u6559\u7684\u767c\u6e90\u5730—-\u5fb7\u570b—-\u5c31\u8208\u8d77\u4e86\u4e00\u80a1\u8207\u6b64\u5c0d\u6297\u7684\u65b0\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u656c\u8654\u4e3b\u7fa9\u904b\u52d5\uff08Pietism\uff09\u3002\u656c\u8654\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6240\u6ce8\u91cd\u7684\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u4fe1\u5f92\u8207\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u90a3\u7a2e\u6d3b\u6f51\u800c\u89aa\u5bc6\u7684\u5c6c\u9748\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u96d6\u7136\u80fd\u591f\u628a\u4fe1\u689d\u6b63\u78ba\u5730\u9053\u51fa\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e0d\u8a8d\u8b58\u4e3b\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u6ca1\u6709\u8207\u57fa\u7763\u5efa\u7acb\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u7a2e\u56e0\u53cd\u5c0d\u67d0\u7a2e\u73fe\u8c61\u800c\u7522\u751f\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u53cd\u65b9\u5411\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u5728\u7cfe\u6b63\u932f\u8aa4\u4e4b\u9918\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u90fd\u6703\u5e36\u4f86\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u7684\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u656c\u8654\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5728\u628a\u5c6c\u9748\u751f\u547d\u751f\u52d5\u5316\u5f8c\uff0c\u56e0\u5176\u5c0d\u6559\u7fa9\u548c\u4fe1\u689d\u7684\u6392\u65a5\u6216\u8f15\u770b\uff0c\u5c31\u628a\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e3b\u89c0\u5316\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u6240\u5f3a\u8abf\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u77e5\u9053\u6211\u5f97\u6551\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5728\u8056\u7d93\u4e2d\u7d66\u6211\u7684\u61c9\u8a31\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u6211\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u611f\u89ba\u6216\u7d93\u9a57\u600e\u9ebc\u8aaa\u3002\u201d\u4f46\u5230\u6b64\u6642\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u6240\u6ce8\u91cd\u7684\u5247\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u4e3b\u8207\u6211\u6f2b\u6b65\u82b1\u5712\u88e1\u3002\u4ed6\u8207\u6211\u8ac7\u3001\u4ed6\u4f34\u6211\u8d70\u3001\u751f\u547d\u7a84\u8def\u540c\u904e\u3002\u4f60\u82e5\u554f\u6211\u600e\u77e5\u4e3b\u6d3b\u8457\uff0c\u56e0\u4ed6\u6d3b\u5728\u6211\u5fc3\u3002\u201d\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u4f86\uff0c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u5ea7\u6a19\u5c31\u5f9e\u5ba2\u89c0\u6027\u7684\u3001\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6c38\u6052\u4e0d\u8b8a\u7684\u555f\u793a\u4e0a\uff0c\u8f49\u79fb\u5230\u4e3b\u89c0\u6027\u7684\u3001\u4eba\u5c0d\u4e0a\u5e1d\u555f\u793a\u7684\u9818\u53d7\u4e0a\u4e86\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u7684\u504f\u9817\uff0c\u4e5f\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u591a\u4e16\u7d00\u5f8c\u7684\u3001\u540c\u70ba\u767c\u6e90\u65bc\u5fb7\u570b\u7684\u65b0\u6d3e\u795e\u5b78\uff08Liberalism\uff09\u8216\u4e0b\u4e86\u9053\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7eaa—-\u5fa9\u8208\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u5c55\u958b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u7d93\u904e\u4e86\u5169\u500b\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u6539\u6559\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u53d7\u52a0\u723e\u6587\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u90fd\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u7d93\u6fdf\u4e0a\u767c\u9054\u8d77\u4f86\u3002\u9019\u6642\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u8d77\u521d\u70ba\u6539\u6559\u800c\u722d\u6230\u3001\u53d7\u903c\u8feb\u3001\u7acb\u5fd7\u656c\u8654\u5ea6\u65e5\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\u7684\u5f8c\u4ee3\uff0c\u5df2\u6f38\u6f38\u5728\u5bcc\u88d5\u3001\u5b89\u9038\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u8352\u5ee2\u4e0b\u4f86\u3002\u4ee5\u81f4\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u6b50\u6d32\u7684\u8377\u862d\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u7f8e\u6d32\u7684\u65b0\u82f1\u683c\u862d\uff0c\u5404\u5730\u6559\u7267\u90fd\u70ba\u4fe1\u5f92\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0b\u964d\u3001\u5c0d\u5c6c\u9748\u7684\u51b7\u6f20\u4e00\u4e8b\u5927\u8072\u75be\u547c\u3002\u65bc\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u80a1\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u5fa9\u8208\u904b\u52d5\u5c31\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u6559\u7267\u4eba\u54e1\u7684\u8b1b\u53f0\u4e8b\u5949\u4e0b\u7206\u767c\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5373\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u5927\u89ba\u9192\u904b\u52d5\u300d( Great Awakening) \u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u70ba\u9996\u7684\u6709\u5728\u7f8e\u6d32\u65b0\u5927\u9678\u570b\u7684\u611b\u5fb7\u83ef\u8332(Jonathan Edwards) \u548c\u5728\u82f1\u570b\u61f7\u7279\u8153(George Whitefield)\u3002\u5927\u89ba\u9192\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u559a\u9192\u4eba\u7684\u9748\u547d\u3001\u4f7f\u4eba\u91cd\u62fe\u8056\u7d04\u3001\u904e\u656c\u8654\u8056\u6f54\u7684\u751f\u547d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5176\u5be6\uff0c\u5927\u89ba\u9192\u904b\u52d5\u6240\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u6094\u6539\u986f\u73fe\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u898b\u65bc\u5e73\u4fe1\u5f92\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u6559\u7267\u3002\u9019\u500b\u904b\u52d5\u8d77\u5148\u662f\u59cb\u65bc\u7f8e\u6d32\u65b0\u5927\u9678\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u4e5f\u50b3\u5230\u82f1\u570b\u4ee5\u53ca\u6b50\u6d32\u5927\u9678\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u4ee5\u5c0d\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u9053\u7684\u50b3\u8b1b\u4f86\u5fa9\u8208\u4fe1\u5f92\u7684\u8b1b\u53f0\u4e8b\u5949\uff0c\u4e00\u5411\u662f\u52a0\u723e\u6587\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\/\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u7684\u4e8b\u5949\u539f\u5219\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u50b3\u7d71\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u53c8\u518d\u7531\u6709\u201c\u8b49\u9053\u738b\u5b50\u201d\uff08Price of Preachers\uff09\u4e4b\u7a31\u7684\u53f8\u5e03\u771f\uff08Charles Spurgeon\uff09\u5728\u82f1\u570b\u91cd\u62fe\uff0c\u800c\u5230\u4e86\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\uff0c\u5247\u7531\u502b\u6566\u7684\u9418\u99ac\u7530\uff08Martin Lloyd-Jones\uff09\u7e7c\u627f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u800c\u5728\u7f8e\u6d32\u65b0\u5927\u9678\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u5927\u89ba\u9192\u904b\u52d5\u6240\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u9805\u5f8c\u679c\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u7e7c\u627f\u52a0\u723e\u6587\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u9805\u7279\u8272\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5927\u5b78\u5b78\u5e9c\u7684\u8208\u5efa\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u52a0\u723e\u6587\u5728\u7814\u7d93\u6642\u4e0d\u5fd8\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u3001\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u7b49\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u5fa9\u8208\u5f8c\u7684\u6559\u6703\uff0c\u4e5f\u610f\u8b58\u5230\u4ed6\u5011\u9700\u8981\u70ba\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u6559\u6703\u683d\u57f9\u656c\u8654\u4e14\u6709\u5b78\u8b58\u7684\u6559\u7267\u4eba\u54e1\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5011\u71b1\u8877\u5c0d\u4e00\u5207\u5c6c\u65bc\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u771f\u7406\u3002\u54c8\u4f5b\u3001\u8036\u9b6f\u9019\u4e9b\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u5927\u5b78\uff0c\u5747\u662f\u70ba\u683d\u57f9\u6559\u7267\u4eba\u54e1\u800c\u8208\u5efa\u7684\u3002\u4eba\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u6821\u5712\u4e2d\u592e\uff0c\u7e3d\u662f\u6709\u4e00\u5ea7\u5c0f\u6559\u5802\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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\u81ea\u6cd5\u570b\u5927\u9769\u547d\u5f8c\uff0c\u6574\u500b\u6b50\u6d32\u5c0d\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u662f\u6975\u5ea6\u5730\u6575\u8996\u3002\u9054\u723e\u6587\u7684\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u4e0d\u4f46\u628a\u4eba\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u554f\u984c\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e86\uff0c\u66f4\u5426\u5b9a\u4e86\u4eba\u58ae\u843d\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u3002\u4eba\u4e43\u662f\u6b65\u5411\u66f4\u9032\u6b65\u3001\u66f4\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u5883\u754c\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5f9e\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e2d\u58ae\u843d\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u3002\u800c\u555f\u8499\u904b\u52d5\u5f8c\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u54f2\u5b78\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u628a\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u6027\u548c\u7d93\u9a57\u9ad8\u8209\u5230\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u5224\u65b7\u4e00\u5207\u771f\u7406\u7684\u6e96\u7e69\u3002\u4eba\u5f9e\u6b64\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u4e0a\u5e1d\u548c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u555f\u793a\u4e5f\u80fd\u5920\u6709\u77e5\u8b58\u4e86\u3002\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff08Rationalism\uff09\u548c\u7d93\u9a57\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff08Imperialism\uff09\u90fd\u544a\u8a34\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u662f\u7121\u6cd5\u7528\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8a3c\u660e\u7684\u3002\u5f8c\u4f86\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u5eb7\u5fb7\uff08Emmanuel Kant\uff09\u6709\u610f\u70ba\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6216\u5b97\u6559\u633d\u56de\u4e00\u7d72\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u7684\u4f5c\u6cd5\u4e43\u662f\u628a\u5b97\u6559\u8207\u79d1\u5b78\u5206\u5bb6\uff0c\u8996\u524d\u8005\u70ba\u5c6c\u65bc\u672c\u9ad4\u754c\uff08ontological world\uff09\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u70ba\u5c6c\u65bc\u73fe\u8c61\u754c\uff08phenomenal world\uff09\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u610f\u601d\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u7406\u6027\u548c\u611f\u5b98\u6240\u8655\u7406\u7684\u662f\u7269\u8cea\u754c\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u800c\u50cf\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3001\u502b\u7406\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u4e0d\u673d\u7b49\u4e8b\u60c5\u5219\u5728\u4e00\u7a2e\u4e0d\u53ef\u6478\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u898b\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7531\u79d1\u5b78\u4f86\u8a3c\u5be6\u6216\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u4f86\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u73fe\u8c61\u754c\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u77e5\u8b58\u5247\u7121\u9808\u9760\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u555f\u793a\u4f86\u8a8d\u8b58\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u4e00\u5207\u5275\u9020\u754c\u7684\u4e3b\u3001\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u9053\u4e5f\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u7121\u6240\u4e0d\u53ca\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u4fb7\u9650\u65bc\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u672c\u4f53\u754c\u800c\u5df2\u4e86\uff1b\u800c\u4ece\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5c0d\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e43\u6210\u70ba\u975e\u7406\u6027\u548c\u611f\u5b98\u6240\u80fd\u53ca\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5c31\u4e26\u975e\u4e00\u4ef6\u5ba2\u89c0\u6027\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e86\u3002\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u751a\u70ba\u5de8\u5927\uff0c\u5f80\u540e\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u3001\u795e\u5b78\u548c\u8b77\u6559\u5b78\u90fd\u53d7\u5230\u4ed6\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6b64\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u6559\u6703\u518d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u50cf\u4ee5\u5f80\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u77e5\u8bc6\u754c\u548c\u793e\u6703\u4e0a\u4eab\u6709\u4e3b\u5c0e\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u53cd\u4e3b\u70ba\u5ba2\u4e86\uff0c\u5979\u7ad9\u5728\u88ab\u52d5\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u4e0a\uff0c\u6323\u624e\u8457\u70ba\u9019\u53e4\u8001\u4fe1\u4ef0\u505a\u51fa\u8faf\u8b77\u3002\u800c\u4eba\u5011\u5c0d\u9019\u4f4d\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u5b58\u5728\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u5f15\u8a3c\u4e4b\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f9e\u6b64\u53d7\u5230\u6301\u7e8c\u4e0d\u65b7\u7684\u653b\u64ca\u4e86\u3002
\u5fb7\u570b\u656c\u8654\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u5f8c\u88d4\u5728\u53d7\u5230\u9019\u7a2e\u5927\u6c23\u5019\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c31\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u4e00\u5957\u65b0\u6d3e\u795e\u5b78\uff08Liberalism\uff09\u3002\u65b0\u6d3e\u795e\u5b78\u7684\u7279\u9ede\u5c31\u662f\u5426\u5b9a\u8056\u7d93\u70ba\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7121\u8aa4\u4e4b\u555f\u793a\uff0c\u5426\u5b9a\u4eba\u985e\u58ae\u843d\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u3002\u65e2\u7136\u4eba\u6ca1\u6709\u72af\u7f6a\u5815\u843d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e0d\u6703\u6709\u4eba\u6ec5\u4ea1\u3002\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e43\u662f\u5168\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u7236\uff0c\u4eba\u4eba\u90fd\u6703\u5f97\u6551\u7684\u3002\u6709\u201c\u65b0\u6d3e\u795e\u5b78\u4e4b\u7236\u201d\u4e4b\u7a31\u7684\u58eb\u4f86\u99ac\u8d6b\uff08Friedrich Schleiermacher\uff09\u7ed9\u5b97\u6559\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3002\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5ba2\u89c0\u555f\u793a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4eba\u5185\u5fc3\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u4e3b\u89c0\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u611f\u3002\u5341\u5c31\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u4e5f\u540c\u6a23\u5730\u8d70\u5411\u4e86\u628a\u4e3b\u89c0\u7d93\u9a57\u5ba2\u89c0\u5316\u3001\u628a\u76f8\u5c0d\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u7d55\u5c0d\u5316\u7684\u9053\u8def\u3002\u5404\u7a2e\u5404\u6a23\u7684\u8056\u7d93\u8a55\u9451\u5b78\u76f8\u61c9\u800c\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8207\u6b64\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u5de5\u696d\u9769\u547d\u6240\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u793e\u6703\u4e0a\u4e0d\u516c\u7fa9\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4f7f\u7f8e\u570b\u4e00\u4e9b\u66fe\u7d93\u53d7\u52a0\u723e\u6587\u795e\u5b78\u5f71\u97ff\u3001\u6709\u6587\u5316\u4f7f\u547d\u611f\u3001\u4f46\u5f8c\u4f86\u63a5\u53d7\u65b0\u6d3e\u8def\u7dda\u7684\u6559\u6703\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u4e5f\u958b\u59cb\u5c0d\u7f6a\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u4e0d\u518d\u8996\u7f6a\u70ba\u500b\u4eba\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u793e\u6703\u7d44\u7e54\u6027\u7684\u4e86\u3002\u6700\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e43\u662f\u5c3c\u5e03\u723e(Reinhold Niebuhr)\u7684\u300a\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u4eba\u8207\u4e0d\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u793e\u6703\u300b(Moral Man and Immoral society) \u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u4e3b\u5f35\u4eba\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u5584\u7684\uff0c\u60e1\u4e43\u662f\u793e\u6703\u5236\u5ea6\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684—–\u6b63\u5982\u96e8\u679c\uff08Victor Hugo\uff09\u5728\u300a\u60b2\u60e8\u4e16\u754c\u300b(Les Mis\u00e9rables)\u4e00\u66f8\u4e2d\u6240\u8868\u9054\u7684\u3002\u65bc\u662f\u5c31\u6709\u201c\u793e\u6703\u798f\u97f3\u201d\uff08Social Gospel\uff09\u7684\u7522\u751f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8aaa\u5f8b\u6cd5\u8207\u6069\u5178\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u662f\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u795e\u5b78\u8b70\u984c\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u7f6a\u70ba\u500b\u4eba\u6027\u9084\u662f\u793e\u6703\u9ad4\u5236\u6027\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u5341\u4e5d\u3001\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u795e\u5b78\u8b70\u984c\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8207\u6b64\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\uff0c\u6574\u500b\u6b50\u6d32\u7684\u6c23\u6c1b\u8b8a\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u5730\u60b2\u89c0\u3002\u66fe\u6709\u65e5\u4e0d\u843d\u4e4b\u570b\u7684\u5927\u82f1\u5e1d\u570b\u9019\u6642\u958b\u59cb\u6f38\u6f38\u8870\u843d\uff0c\u800c\u90a3\u4e9b\u66fe\u7d93\u4ee5\u70ba\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u570b\u80fd\u56e0\u5927\u82f1\u5e1d\u570b\u7684\u64f4\u5f35\u800c\u5ee3\u50b3\u666e\u4e16\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u6240\u770b\u5230\u7684\u4e43\u662f\u4e00\u5e45\u6d88\u6975\u7684\u5716\u756b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u5c31\u6709\u611b\u723e\u862d\u7684\u9054\u79d8(John Nelson Darby)\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u4e00\u5957\u6d88\u6975\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c0\u3002\u4ed6\u91cd\u65b0\u89e3\u91cb\u8056\u7d93\uff0c\u628a\u8056\u7d93\u5206\u70ba\u4e03\u500b\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u5373\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\u8ad6\uff08Dispensationalism\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u4e3b\u5f35\u6211\u5011\u76ee\u524d\u6240\u8655\u7684\u9019\u500b\u201c\u6559\u6703\u6642\u4ee3\u201d\u4e43\u662f\u8981\u9762\u81e8\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u653b\u64ca\u7684\u3002\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u518d\u4f86\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9019\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u6703\u4e00\u76f4\u8870\u6557\u4e0b\u53bb\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u8cac\u4efb\u53ea\u662f\u8981\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u62ef\u6551\u9748\u9b42\u3001\u5efa\u7acb\u6559\u6703\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u9019\u88e1\u6211\u5011\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6703\u5728\u56de\u61c9\u9019\u7a2e\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u6311\u6230\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u5169\u689d\u8def\u7dda\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u60b2\u89c0\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\u8ad6\u8def\u7dda\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u6a02\u89c0\u7684\u65b0\u6d3e\u795e\u5b78\u8def\u7dda\u3002\u524d\u8005\u8fd9\u7a2e\u8056\u4fd7\u5206\u660e\u3001\u907f\u4e16\u6d88\u6975\u7684\u672b\u4e16\u89c0\uff0c\u5728\u50b3\u5230\u7f8e\u570b\u5f8c\uff0c\u8d77\u521d\u4e26\u6ca1\u6709\u53d7\u5230\u5ee3\u6cdb\u91cd\u8996\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u5357\u90e8\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6d78\u4fe1\u6703\u6559\u6d3e\u4e2d\u4ee5\u53ca\u90a3\u4e9b\u8056\u7d93\u9662\u6821\u4e2d\u6d41\u50b3\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u56b4\u683c\u4f86\u8b1b\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u7d93\u6b77\u904e\u6b50\u6d32\u7684\u90a3\u7a2e\u60b2\u89c0\u72c0\u614b\u3002\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u6b64\u6642\u6b63\u65bc\u570b\u969b\u821e\u53f0\u4e0a\u6f38\u9732\u92d2\u8292\u3002\u800c\u4e16\u4fd7\u4eba\u6587\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5728\u6b50\u6d32\u662f\u660e\u69cd\u660e\u70ae\u5730\u91dd\u5c0d\u6559\u6703\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u50b3\u5230\u7f8e\u570b\u5f8c\uff0c\u60c5\u5f62\u537b\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\u4e86\u3002\u5b83\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u660e\u986f\u5730\u6575\u8996\u6559\u6703\u6216\u795e\u8077\u4eba\u54e1\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u5f9e\u7f8e\u570b\u5efa\u570b\u5230\u5f8c\u4f86\u7684\u63a5\u8e35\u800c\u6765\u7684\u5fa9\u8208\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u4e16\u4fd7\u4eba\u6587\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e00\u5411\u662f\u80af\u5b9a\u5b97\u6559\u5c0d\u793e\u6703\u5728\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u7684\u529f\u7528\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\u5c0d\u524d\u666f\u662f\u6a02\u89c0\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5f8c\u8005\u9019\u7a2e\u53d7\u4e16\u4fd7\u4eba\u6587\u6ce8\u610f\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u65b0\u6d3e\u795e\u5b78\uff0c\u6f38\u6f38\u70ba\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u6559\u6703\u6240\u63a5\u53d7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5c31\u5728\u9019\u500b\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5728\u745e\u58eb\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u795e\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u5df4\u7279\uff08Karl Barth\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u57281919\u5e74\u6240\u5beb\u7684\u300a\u7f85\u99ac\u66f8\u91cb\u7fa9\u300b\uff08Epistle to the Romans\uff09\uff0c\u88ab\u55bb\u70ba\u662f\u6295\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u65b0\u6d3e\u300a\u795e\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u7684\u904a\u6a02\u5834\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u679a\u70b8\u5f48\u300b\u3002\u5176\u5be6\uff0c\u5df4\u7279\u7684\u795e\u5b78\uff0c\u5373\u6240\u8b02\u201c\u65b0\u6b63\u7d71\u795e\u5b78\u201d\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u65b0\u6d3e\u795e\u5b78\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u968e\u6bb5\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u56b4\u683c\u4f86\u8b1b\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u7a31\u70ba\u201c\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u795e\u5b78\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u7e7c\u627f\u4e86\u5f8c\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u7fa9\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u4e5f\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u8056\u7d93\u6279\u5224\u5b78\u7684\u7acb\u5834\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u8056\u7d93\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u4eba\u5beb\u7684\u66f8\uff0c\u662f\u6709\u932f\u8b2c\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u628a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u555f\u793a\u8996\u70ba\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u8d85\u4e4e\u7406\u6027\u3001\u8d85\u4e4e\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u3001\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8207\u4eba\u5927\u80fd\u7684\u6703\u6664\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u7a2e\u6703\u6664\u5247\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u6587\u5b57\u8a18\u9304\u7684\u3002\u8056\u7d93\u672c\u8eab\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u8a71\u8a9e\uff0c\u4f46\u4eba\u5728\u8207\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6703\u6664\u5f8c\uff0c\u8056\u7d93\u5c31\u8b8a\u6210\u4e86\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u8a71\u8a9e\u3002\u5df4\u7279\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u751a\u70ba\u5de8\u5927\u30021967\u5e74\u8d70\u65b0\u6d3e\u8def\u7dda\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u9577\u8001\u6703\uff08Presbyterian Church (USA)\uff09\u5c31\u4fee\u6539\u4e86\u4ed6\u5011\u5411\u4f86\u6240\u4fe1\u5949\u7684Westminster Confession\uff0c\u800c\u628a\u5df4\u7279\u9019\u7a2e\u7684\u8056\u7d93\u89c0\u52a0\u5230\u4ed6\u5011\u4fee\u8a02\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u544a\u767d\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\ufe5d\u672a\u5b8c\u5f85\u7e8c\ufe5e\ufe5d\u672c\u6587\u8499\u5141\u53d6\u6750\u81ea\u300c\u6539\u6559\u5bb6\u52a0\u723e\u6587—\u52a0\u723e\u6587500\u9031\u5e74\u7d00\u5ff5\u300d\uff0c\u6539\u9769\u5b97\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2008\u5e74\u3002\ufe5e<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6ce8\uff1a
1. \u5373\u5305\u62ec\u300aWestminster Confession\u300b\u3001\u300aWestminster Larger Catechism\u300b\u3001\u300aWestminster Shorter Catechism\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2. \u4f8b\u5982\u6d78\u4fe1\u6703\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u544a\u767d\u5c31\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u6839\u64da\u300aWestminster Confession\u300b\u4fee\u6539\u800c\u6210\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3. \u82f1\u6587\u5e38\u4ee5TULIP \u70ba\u7e2e\u5beb\uff0c\u5373 Total Depravity (\u4eba\u662f\u5168\u7136\u5730\u5815\u843d\u7684), Unconditional election (\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u63c0\u9078\u662f\u7121\u689d\u4ef6\u7684); Limited Atonement (\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u6551\u6069\u662f\u65bd\u8207\u7279\u5b9a\u4e4b\u4eba\u7684); Irresistible Grace (\u8056\u9748\u7684\u6069\u53ec\u662f\u7f6a\u4eba\u4e0d\u80fd\u6700\u7ec8\u6297\u62d2\u7684); \u548cPerseverance of the saints\uff08\u8056\u5f92\u5f97\u6551\u5fc5\u8499\u4fdd\u5b88\uff0c\u6c38\u4e0d\u5931\u843d\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
4. \u4f8b\u5982\u6559\u6703\u8056\u5de5\u591a\u7531\u5e73\u4fe1\u5f92\u64d4\u7576\u3001\u5a66\u5973\u7ad9\u8b1b\u53f0\u7267\u6703\u3001\u5468\u671f\u6027\u596e\u8208\u6703\u7684\u8209\u52d5\u3002\u800c\u5728\u795e\u5b78\u601d\u60f3\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4fe1\u5f92\u5c0d\u795e\u5b66\u591a\u534a\u662f\u8f15\u8996\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u8cb6\u4f4e\u7684\uff1b\u4fe1\u5f92\u591a\u559c\u611b\u80cc\u980c\u500b\u522b\u7684\u8056\u7d93\u91d1\u53e5\uff0c\u4f46\u5c0d\u6574\u672c\u8056\u7d93\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6574\u9ad4\u7684\u8a8d\u8b58\uff1b\u8b1b\u53f0\u4e0a\u7684\u89e3\u7d93\u591a\u5c6c\u9748\u610f\u89e3\u7d93\u6216\u9748\u4fee\u5f0f\u5206\u4eab\uff1b\u5927\u591a\u6578\u6559\u6703\u53ea\u627f\u8a8d\u6d78\u79ae\u800c\u62d2\u7d55\u5176\u4ed6\u6c34\u79ae\u5100\u5f0f\uff1b\u5728\u6551\u6069\u8ad6\u4e0a\u591a\u534a\u63a5\u53d7\u963f\u7c73\u5ff5\u7684\u795e\u5b66\uff1b\u672b\u4e16\u89c0\u591a\u534a\u4ee5\u6642\u4ee3\u8ad6\u70ba\u4e3b\uff1b\u5c0d\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u6587\u5316\u6301\u8ca0\u9762\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u71b1\u8877\u65bc\u50b3\u798f\u97f3\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u8b1b\u6c42\u500b\u4eba\u9748\u547d\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u64cd\u5b88\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u52a0\u723e\u6587(John Calvin, 1509-1564)\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u751f\u65bc\u6cd5\u570b\u3001\u4e8b\u5949\u65bc\u65e5\u5167\u74e6\u3001\u8207\u99ac\u4e01\u8def\u5fb7(Martin Luther)\u540c\u671f\u7684\u6539\u6559\u5bb6\u3002\u5728\u628a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u795e\u5b78\u601d\u60f3\u7cfb\u7d71\u5316\u4e00\u4e8b\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u6240\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u5049\u5927\u8ca2\u737b\u662f\u5f8c\u4eba\u4e00\u81f4\u516c\u8a8d\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u572827\u6b72\u90a3\u5e74(1536)\u5c31\u5beb\u6210\u4e86\u8457\u540d\u7684\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u8981\u7fa9\u300b(Institutes of the Christian Religion)\u4e00\u66f8\u7684\u521d\u7a3f\u3002\u5176\u5be6\uff0c\u6574\u500b\u6539\u6559\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u7cbe\u9ad3\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u8056\u7d93\u5f9e\u795e\u8077\u4eba\u54e1\u624b\u4e2d\u89e3\u653e\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u8b93\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u5e73\u4fe1\u5f92\u90fd\u80fd\u5920\u76f4\u63a5\u95b1\u8b80\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u8a71\u8a9e\u3002\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u6539\u6559\u904b\u52d5\u6240\u4e89\u8b70\u7684\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u95dc\u4e4e\u6b0a\u5a01\u8ab0\u5b70\u7684\u554f\u9898—\u7a76\u7adf\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u6b0a\u5a01\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u6559\u7687\u548c\u6559\u6703\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u4f86\u81ea\u8056\u7d93\u7684\uff1f\u6539\u6559\u5bb6\u5011\u4e00\u81f4\u5805\u6301\uff0c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u6b0a\u5a01\u4e43\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u81ea\u555f\u4e4b\u9053\uff0c\u6559\u7687\u6216\u6559\u6703\u50b3\u7d71\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u653e\u5728\u9019\u81f3\u9ad8\u7684\u6b0a\u5a01\u4e4b\u4e0b\u3002\u800c\u52a0\u723e\u6587\u5c0d\u9019\u500b\u9ad8\u8209\u8056\u7d93\u3001\u60df\u7368\u8056\u7d93\u4e4b\u6539\u6559\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u56de\u61c9\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u900f\u904e\u64b0\u5beb\u6709\u95dc\u5c0d\u8056\u7d93\u7684\u8a3b\u91cb\u66f8\u548c\u4ed6\u91cb\u7d93\u6027\u7684\u8b1b\u53f0\u4e8b\u5949\u3002\u4ed6\u5beb\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u8981\u7fa9\u300b\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u4ee5\u63d0\u7db1\u6308\u9818\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u628a\u6574\u672c\u8056\u7d93\u7684\u7e3d\u539f\u5247\u63d0\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4f7f\u5e73\u4fe1\u5f92\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u7814\u8b80\u8056\u7d93\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5728\u7814\u7d93\u6642\u61c2\u5f97\u554f\u4e00\u4e9b\u95dc\u9375\u6027\u7684\u3001\u5207\u4e2d\u8981\u5bb3\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u8981\u7fa9\u300b\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u9084\u7e7c\u800c\u64b0\u5beb\u4e86\u5e7e\u4e4e\u5168\u672c\u8056\u7d93\u5404\u5377\u66f8\u7684\u91cb\u7d93\u66f8(\u81e8\u7d42\u524d\uff0c\u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u555f\u793a\u9304\u4e00\u66f8\u5c1a\u672a\u5b8c\u6210)\u3002\u4ed6\u5c0d\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u8981\u7fa9\u300b\u4e5f\u505a\u904e\u591a\u6b21\u7684\u4fee\u8a02\u3002\u4ed6\u57281559\u5e74\u6240\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u7d42\u7a3f\uff0c\u82f1\u8b6f\u7248\u9577\u90541400\u9801\uff0c\u8207\u8056\u7d93\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u7bc7\u5e45\u4e0d\u76f8\u4e0a\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-130","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-4"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.allenchow.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/130"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.allenchow.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.allenchow.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.allenchow.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.allenchow.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=130"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.allenchow.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/130\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":131,"href":"https:\/\/www.allenchow.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/130\/revisions\/131"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.allenchow.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=130"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.allenchow.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=130"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.allenchow.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=130"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}