{"id":91,"date":"2006-04-11T18:23:09","date_gmt":"2006-04-12T00:23:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.allenchow.com\/?p=91"},"modified":"2025-03-16T13:29:47","modified_gmt":"2025-03-16T19:29:47","slug":"%e5%9f%ba%e7%9d%a3%e6%95%99%e4%bf%a1%e5%bf%b5%e7%9a%84%e6%ad%a3%e9%9d%a2%e7%9f%a5%e8%ad%98%e5%9c%b0%e4%bd%8d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.allenchow.com\/?p=91","title":{"rendered":"\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u5ff5\u7684\u6b63\u9762\u77e5\u8b58\u5730\u4f4d"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u8f49\u8f09\u81ea :
http:\/\/occr.christiantimes.org.hk\/art_0010.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u300c\u6211\u5011\u6709\u7406\u7531\u76f8\u4fe1\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u55ce\uff1f\u5b83\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\u55ce\uff1f\u82e5\u6211\u5011\u6c92\u6709\u8db3\u5920\u8b49\u64da\u53bb\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u771f\u7684\u6709\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u76f8\u4fe1\u7942\uff01\u300d\u4e5f\u8a31\u9019\u624d\u662f\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u662f\u975e\u7406\u6027\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff08\u7f85\u7d20Bertrand Russell\u4fbf\u6709\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u8b1b\u6cd5\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u8a00\u8ad6\u6709\u5225\u65bc\u90a3\u4e9b\u76f4\u63a5\u6307\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u53cd\u5c0d\u8ad6\u9ede\uff0c\u56e0\u5b83\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u95dc\u5fc3\u7a76\u7adf\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u91dd\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8b49\u64da\u652f\u6301\u9019\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff1b\u53c8\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u5f9e\u6b77\u4ee3\u5b97\u6559\u54f2\u5b78\u8a0e\u8ad6\u88e1\u77e5\u9053\u4e16\u4e0a\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u7d55\u5c0d\u5730\u8b49\u660e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8ad6\u8b49\uff0c\u6309\u897f\u65b9\u50b3\u7d71\u77e5\u8b58\u8ad6\u88e1\u300c\u4fe1\u5ff5\u52a0\u4e0a\u7406\u64da(justification)\u624d\u7b97\u70ba\u77e5\u8b58\u300d\u7684\u516c\u5f0f[1]\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u8072\u7a31\u64c1\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u95dc\u65bc\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6216\u4ed6\u5011\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u300c\u77e5\u8b58\u300d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u6240\u64c1\u6709\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u300c\u4fe1\u5ff5\u300d\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u662f\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8db3\u5920\u7406\u64da\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u7a31\u4e0d\u4e0a\u662f\u77e5\u9053\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u95dc\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6216\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u82e5\u4e00\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u6c92\u6709\u7d93\u904e\u56b4\u8b39\u7406\u6027\u7684\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u82e5\u4ed6\u6c92\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u904e\u8a31\u591a\u6b63\u53cd\u8ad6\u8b49\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4fbf\u662f\u975e\u7406\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u53c8\u56e0\u6b77\u4ee3\u90a3\u4e9b\u5927\u6709\u5b78\u554f\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u7d55\u5c0d\u5730\u8b49\u660e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8ad6\u8b49\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u4efb\u4f55\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u8072\u7a31\u300c\u77e5\u9053\u300d\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u95dc\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6216\u6551\u6069\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u77e5\u8b58\u8ad6\u7684\u6311\u6230\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7576\u4ee3\u8457\u540d\u5b97\u6559\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6Alvin Plantinga\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u777f\u667a\u7684\u56de\u61c9\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8ad6\u9ede\u6709\u4e09[2]\uff1a\u4e00\u3001\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u500b\u4fe1\u5ff5\u82e5\u4eab\u6709\u6b63\u9762\u77e5\u8b58\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u6301\u6709\u9019\u4fe1\u5ff5\u7684\u4eba\u5373\u4f7f\u6c92\u6709\u8b49\u64da\u652f\u6301\u9019\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ecd\u53ef\u5408\u4e4e\u7406\u6027\u5730\u548c\u521d\u6b65\u5730\u63a5\u53d7\u9019\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff1b\u4e8c\u3001\u8207\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6709\u95dc\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u7a2e\u611f\u61c9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5b98\u80fd\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u5c24\u5982\u963f\u594e\u90a3(Aquinas)\u53ca\u52a0\u723e\u6587(Calvin)\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u904e\u7684\u300c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u611f\u61c9\u300d(sensus divinitatus)\u2500\u2500\u4eba\u5728\u67d0\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u80fd\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u8207\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6709\u95dc\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u9019\u7522\u751f\u6a5f\u5236\u80fd\u78ba\u4fdd\u8a72\u4fe1\u5ff5\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u5730\u4f4d\uff1b\u4e09\u3001\u5982\u679c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u662f\u771f\u7684\uff0c\u4eba\u4fbf\u771f\u7684\u6709\u9019\u7a2e\u611f\u61c9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5b98\u80fd\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u5ff5\u5c31\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4eab\u6709\u6b63\u9762\u77e5\u8b58\u5730\u4f4d\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u662f\u5047\u7684\u3014\u4f8b\u5982\u6c92\u6709\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3015\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u5ff5\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u4eab\u6709\u77e5\u8b58\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u5728\u4e0b\u6587\uff0c\u6211\u6703\u5617\u8a66\u7c21\u55ae\u5730\u9010\u9ede\u95e1\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4fe1\u5ff5\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u5730\u4f4d\u554f\u984c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6709\u95dc\u7b2c\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u8981\u554f\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u4efb\u4f55\u4fe1\u5ff5\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u7d93\u904e\u6211\u5011\u5be9\u8996\u5176\u8b49\u64da\u65b9\u53ef\u5408\u4e4e\u7406\u6027\u5730\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\uff1f\u4e14\u770b\u770b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5169\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u7576\u4f60\u770b\u898b\u9762\u524d\u6709\u4e00\u672c\u66f8\uff0c\u4f60\u81ea\u7136\u6703\u76f8\u4fe1\u9762\u524d\u7684\u78ba\u6709\u4e00\u672c\u66f8\uff1b\u4f60\u5927\u6982\u4e26\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5411\u81ea\u5df1\u6216\u5411\u5225\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u8db3\u5920\u8b49\u64da\u4f86\u8aaa\u670d\u81ea\u5df1\u9019\u4fe1\u5ff5\u662f\u5408\u4e4e\u4e8b\u5be6\u7684\uff08\u5373\u771f\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff09\u3002\u7576\u4f60\u77e5\u9053a\u5927\u65bcb\u548cb\u5927\u65bcc\uff0c\u4f60\u81ea\u7136\u6703\u76f8\u4fe1a\u5927\u65bcc\uff0c\u4f60\u76f8\u4fe1\u9019\u662f\u771f\u7684\uff08\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u4f60\u537b\u4e0d\u8a8d\u70ba\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u8db3\u5920\u8b49\u64da\u8b49\u660ea\u5927\u65bcc\u3002\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u6703\u8981\u6c42\u81ea\u5df1\u8db3\u5920\u5730\u5be9\u67e5\u904e\u6709\u95dc\u8b49\u64da\u624d\u76f8\u4fe1\u9762\u524d\u6709\u4e00\u672c\u66f8\u6216a\u5927\u65bcc\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u5011\u53c8\u53ef\u5426\u4ee5\u985e\u4f3c\u65b9\u5f0f\u5408\u7406\u5730\u63a5\u53d7\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff1f\u7a76\u7adf\u4fe1\u5ff5\u5982\u4f55\u624d\u7372\u5f97\u77e5\u8b58\u5730\u4f4d\uff1f\u6709\u751a\u9ebc\u6771\u897f\u4fdd\u8b49\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u6027(truth)\uff1fPlantinga\u9996\u5148\u5c31\u9019\u554f\u984c\u5efa\u69cb\u4e00\u500b\u666e\u904d\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u8207\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4fe1\u5ff5\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u521d\u6b65\u5730\u53ef\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u4fc2\u7531\u4e00\u4e9b\u6070\u7576\u5730\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u5b98\u80fd\uff08\u5982\u8996\u89ba\uff09\u6240\u7522\u751f\uff0c\u8a72\u5b98\u80fd\u4e4b\u904b\u4f5c\u6240\u5c6c\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u53c8\u6703\u53ef\u9760\u5730\u5728\u6070\u7576\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u74b0\u5883\u88e1\u7522\u751f\u771f\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff08\u5982\u773c\u775b\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u4ee4\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u5728\u767d\u5929\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u7522\u751f\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u8996\u89ba\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff09\u3002
\u9019\u4e3b\u5f35\u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u76f8\u95dc\u6db5\u7fa9\u662f\uff0c\u521d\u6b65\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u7522\u751f\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u5168\u90fd\u8981\u7d93\u904e\u6bd4\u8f03\u8b49\u64da\u7684\u7406\u6027\u601d\u8faf\u3002\u8ac7\u8ad6\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u5ff5\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u8ad6\u8005\u5e38\u5e38\u7528\u6b63\u53cd\u8b49\u64da\u7684\u601d\u8def\u53bb\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u5ff5\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f46\u537b\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u985e\u578b\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u90fd\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u85c9\u8b49\u64da\u5f0f\u601d\u8def\u7372\u5f97\u77e5\u8b58\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5927\u90fd\u95dc\u6ce8\u7406\u7531\u548c\u8b49\u64da\uff0c\u537b\u5c11\u53bb\u7406\u6703\u4fe1\u5ff5\u7684\u7522\u751f\u53ca\u5176\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6210\u70ba\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5373\u4f7fPlantinga\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u8207\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u662f\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u4ecd\u672a\u5fc5\u6709\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u5ff5\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6240\u8b1b\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u7d14\u54f2\u5b78\u77e5\u8b58\u8ad6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6cdb\u8ad6\u4e00\u5207\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4eba\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u985e\u4f3c\u8a8d\u77e5\u5b98\u80fd\u7684\u6771\u897f\u4ee4\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u4ed6\u5011\u8655\u8eab\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u88e1\u7522\u751f\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u5373\u6216\u6709\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8a72\u5b98\u80fd\u537b\u4e0d\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u53ef\u9760\u5730\u7522\u751f\u5408\u4e4e\u4e8b\u5be6\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u5373\u6216\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u7522\u751f\u9019\u4e9b\u771f\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8a72\u5b98\u80fd\u5df2\u4e0d\u80fd\u78ba\u7576\u5730\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u5ff5\u4ecd\u4e0d\u6703\u4eab\u6709\u77e5\u8b58\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u771f\u5be6\u6027\u4ea6\u4e0d\u6703\u4eab\u6709\u4fdd\u8b49\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u898b\uff0cPlantinga\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u8ad6\u53ef\u8207\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u5ff5\u4e4b\u5408\u7406\u6027\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5206\u958b\u8655\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9019\u4e16\u754c\u6709\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u50cf\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6240\u5f62\u5bb9\u7684\uff0c\u7942\u9858\u610f\u7942\u6240\u5275\u9020\u7684\u4eba\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u548c\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u53bb\u8a8d\u8b58\u7942\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u7f85\u99ac\u66f8\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u53ef\u6216\u591a\u6216\u5c11\u5730\u76f4\u63a5\u77e5\u9053\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u6216\u611f\u77e5\u6709\u95dc\u7942\u7684\u4f5c\u70ba\uff0c\u4eba\u5c31\u6703\u6709\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u611f\u61c9\u300d(sensus divinitatus)\u7684\u5b98\u80fd\u6216\u4fe1\u5ff5\u7522\u751f\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u9019\u6771\u897f\u4ee4\u4eba\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u7522\u751f\u6709\u95dc\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u53c8\u5982\u679c\u4eba\u985e\u58ae\u843d\u5f8c\u9019\u300c\u5b98\u80fd\u300d\u4ecd\u80fd\u8d77\u90e8\u4efd\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u4eba\u985e\u5c0d\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u5c31\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4eab\u6709\u6b63\u9762\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u5ff5\u5c31\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u985e\u4e26\u4e0d\u9808\u8981\u7d93\u904e\u8b49\u64da\u5f0f\u601d\u8003\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u4e4e\u7406\u6027\u5730\u521d\u6b65\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6e96\u78ba\u9ede\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u8b1b\u6cd5\u662f\u7531\u5169\u500b\u689d\u4ef6\u6027\u53e5\u5b50\u6240\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.    \u82e5\u771f\u7684\u6709\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u9019\u985e\u4fe1\u5ff5\u5c31\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4eab\u6709\u6b63\u9762\u77e5\u8b58\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u6709\u4fdd\u8b49\u7684\u4e86\uff1b
2.    \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u82e5\u6c92\u6709\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u5c0d\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u5c31\u4e0d\u6703\u4eab\u6709\u6b63\u9762\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u6c92\u6709\u4fdd\u8b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5169\u500b\u689d\u4ef6\u53e5\u7684\u5f8c\u9805\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u5ff5\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u524d\u9805\u662f\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u554f\u984c\u3002\u9019\u662fPlantinga\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u77e5\u8b58\u8ad6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u500b\u8981\u9ede\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u65e2\u95dc\u9375\u53c8\u5de7\u5999\u7684\u8981\u9ede\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u88dc\u5145\u53ca\u6f84\u6e05<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e00\uff0e\u4e0d\u8b1b\u8b49\u64da\uff0c\u751a\u9ebc\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\uff1f\uff01
\u9019\u7406\u8ad6\u770b\u4f3c\u7c21\u55ae\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u601d\u60f3\u537b\u6709\u5fae\u5999\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u548c\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4ea6\u9700\u8981\u6f84\u6e05\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0cPlantinga\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u62d2\u7d55\u4eba\u7528\u8b49\u64da\u548c\u8ad6\u8b49\u4f86\u652f\u6301\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ea\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u5ff5\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u5730\u4f4d\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u8b49\u64da\u6216\u8ad6\u8b49\u800c\u4f86\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6c92\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u529b\u7684\u8b49\u64da\u6216\u8ad6\u8b49\uff0c\u4eba\u4ecd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u7406\u5730\u548c\u521d\u6b65\u5730\u76f8\u4fe1\u57fa\u7763\u6559\uff0c\u5c31\u5982\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u7406\u5730\u548c\u521d\u6b65\u5730\u63a5\u53d7\u9762\u524d\u6709\u4e00\u672c\u66f8\uff0c\u548ca\u5927\u65bcc\u3002\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u672a\u53d7\u904e\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u672a\u66fe\u8ddf\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u8faf\u8ad6\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5408\u4e4e\u7406\u6027\u5730\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5728\u521d\u6b65\u63a5\u53d7\u5f8c\uff0c\u82e5\u9047\u4e0a\u5f37\u529b\u7684\u8b49\u64da\u6216\u8ad6\u8b49\u6307\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u662f\u5047\u7684\uff08\u77e5\u8b58\u8ad6\u8853\u8a9e\uff1a\u9047\u4e0a\u4e86\u5426\u6c7a\u56e0\u5b50defeater\uff09\uff0c\u7406\u6027\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u653e\u68c4\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002\u53ea\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u8981\u8b49\u660e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e26\u4e0d\u6bd4\u8b49\u660e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5b58\u5728\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u800cPlantinga\u7b49\u82f1\u7f8e\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u4ea6\u5728\u9019\u4e8c\u3001\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u6709\u529b\u5730\u7834\u89e3\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u6311\u6230\uff0c\u4e26\u6307\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u652f\u6301\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5b58\u5728\u4e4b\u8ad6\u8b49\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5c31\u8b49\u64da\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6c92\u6709\u7406\u7531\u512a\u5148\u63a5\u7d0d\u7121\u795e\u8ad6\uff0c\u5c07\u8b49\u660e\u7684\u8cac\u4efb\u5168\u90fd\u63a8\u5728\u6709\u795e\u8ad6\u8005\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8aaa\u5230\u9019\u88e1\uff0cPlantinga\u53c8\u7559\u610f\u5230\u4fe1\u5f92\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\u7684\u78ba\u64da\uff0c\u4e0d\u7368\u662f\u76f8\u4fe1\u6709\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u9084\u76f8\u4fe1\u8036\u7a4c\u7684\u6551\u8d16\u7b49\u7b49\u6551\u6069\u8981\u7fa9\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u767c\u63ee\u4ed6\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u76f8\u4fe1\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u4eba\u6709\u4e86\u8056\u9748\u7684\u5167\u4f4f\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u4fbf\u6703\u7372\u5f97\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u7522\u751f\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u7522\u751f\u66f4\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u6709\u95dc\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u8981\u7fa9\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3002\u9019\u8056\u9748\u5c0e\u5f15\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u8207\u4e0a\u5e1d\u611f\u61c9\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u4e0d\u76e1\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7279\u5225\u8cdc\u7d66\u4fe1\u5f92\u7684\uff0c\u7522\u751f\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u4ea6\u8f03\u5177\u9ad4\u5730\u65bc\u6551\u6069\u6216\u4fe1\u4ef0\u88e1\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u9019\u8b1b\u6cd5\u8207\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9ede\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u4ea6\u53ef\u70ba\u9019\u8b1b\u6cd5\u5efa\u69cb\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u985e\u4f3c\u7b2c\u4e09\u9ede\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u70ba\u66f4\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6838\u5fc3\u4fe1\u5ff5\u63d0\u4f9b\u77e5\u8b58\u57fa\u790e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7e3d\u7d50\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8a0e\u8ad6\u6211\u5011\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u8b49\u64da\u76f8\u4fe1\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u70ba\u771f\u662f\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u554f\u984c\u6709\u4e8c\uff1a\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u9019\u505a\u6cd5\u53ef\u80fd\u8b49\u660e\u4e0d\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u771f\u7684\u80fd\u8b49\u660e\u8036\u7a4c\u66fe\u7d93\u5fa9\u6d3b\u55ce\uff1f\u6211\u5011\u6216\u8a31\u6709\u8b49\u64da\u652f\u6301\u6211\u5011\u76f8\u4fe1\u7942\u5927\u6982\u66fe\u7d93\u5fa9\u6d3b\uff0c\u4f46\u8aaa\u6211\u5011\u6709\u8db3\u5920\u8b49\u64da\u8aaa\u7942\u771f\u7684\u66fe\u7d93\u5fa9\u6d3b\uff0c\u9019\u96e3\u5ea6\u672a\u514d\u592a\u9ad8\u4e86\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u9019\u8207\u4fe1\u5f92\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\u78ba\u64da\u7d93\u6b77\u6709\u51fa\u5165\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5373\u6216\u6c92\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u8b49\u64da\uff0c\u4ecd\u80fd\u6709\u78ba\u64da\u5730\u76f8\u4fe1\u795e\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u78ba\u64da\u4e0d\u662f\u7d93\u7531\u9577\u671f\u7814\u7a76\u5404\u9805\u8b49\u64da\u800c\u7372\u5f97\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u8457\u4e0a\u5e1d\u611f\u61c9\u548c\u8056\u9748\u7684\u5167\u5728\u8a98\u767c\uff0c\u8b93\u4ed6\u5011\u770b\u898b\u9019\u4e9b\u662f\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u6216\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u8b49\u64da\u6240\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\u3002\u8207\u5176\u8aaaPlantinga\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u53cd\u5c0d\u8b49\u64da\u5f0f\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u8aaa\u4ed6\u60f3\u70ba\u73fe\u5be6\u4e2d\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\u6240\u7d93\u6b77\u7684\u78ba\u64da\u627e\u4e00\u500b\u54f2\u5b78\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u4e26\u6f84\u6e05\u5176\u8207\u8b49\u64da\u5f0f\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e4b\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u914d\u5408\u8457\u4ed6\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u8b49\u64da\u5f0f\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u5b97\u6559\u77e5\u8b58\u8ad6\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u66f4\u5168\u9762\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u76f8\u95dc\u7591\u96e3\u662f\uff0c\u5225\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u6216\u751a\u81f3\u602a\u7570\u601d\u60f3\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u8aaa\uff0c\u5728\u4eba\u985e\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u7279\u5225\u7684\u5b98\u80fd\u4ee4\u4ed6\u5011\u5408\u7406\u6027\u5730\u76f8\u4fe1\u90a3\u4e9b\u5b97\u6559\u6216\u602a\u7570\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u96e3\u9053\u6211\u5011\u4ea6\u8981\u4e0d\u7d93\u8b49\u64da\u6bd4\u8f03\u800c\u63a5\u53d7\u90a3\u4e9b\u601d\u60f3\uff1f\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4efb\u53ef\u5b97\u6559\u6216\u602a\u7570\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u9ad4\u7cfb\u90fd\u6703\u6db5\u884d\u90a3\u4e9b\u5c0d\u8a72\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u662f\u6703\u4eab\u6709\u4fdd\u8b49\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u5011\u672a\u5fc5\u7b26\u5408\u7b2c\u4e09\u9ede\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u90a3\u5169\u689d\u4ef6\u53e5\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u514d\u65bc\u90a3\u4e9b\u77e5\u8b58\u8ad6\u7684\u6311\u6230\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u8a71\u8aaa\u56de\u4f86\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u7684\u722d\u8ad6\u4e0d\u80fd\u55ae\u7528\u77e5\u8b58\u8ad6\u53bb\u89e3\u6c7a\uff0cPlantinga\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u6307\u51fa\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u5ff5\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u537b\u4e0d\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5224\u5225\u90a3\u4e00\u500b\u5b97\u6559\u6216\u601d\u60f3\u624d\u662f\u771f\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5373\u4f7f\u4ed6\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u672a\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u5340\u5206\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e8c\uff0e\u9019\u6709\u751a\u9ebc\u91cd\u8981\uff1f
\u8b80\u8005\u6216\u6703\u554f\uff0cPlantinga\u81ea\u516b\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u8d77\uff0c\u82b1\u4e86\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u70ba\u89e3\u7b54\u4e00\u500b\u77e5\u8b58\u8ad6\u537b\u975e\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5373\u9023\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u4e5f\u8b49\u660e\u4e0d\u5230\uff0c\u6709\u751a\u9ebc\u50f9\u503c\uff1f\u5176\u5be6Plantinga\u5728\u8b49\u64da\u5f0f\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e0a\u5df2\u662f\u8ca2\u737b\u826f\u591a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u516d\u3001\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u591a\u90e8\u8457\u4f5c\u88e1\u5df2\u7d93\u8655\u7406\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u652f\u6301\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8ad6\u8b49\uff0c\u4ed6\u500b\u4eba\u751a\u81f3\u50be\u5411\u8a8d\u70ba\u4ed6\u6240\u6539\u826f\u7684\u672c\u9ad4\u8ad6\u8ad6\u8b49\u5df2\u7d93\u5341\u5206\u6709\u8aaa\u670d\u529b[3]\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c0d\u82e6\u7f6a\u7591\u96e3\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u751a\u81f3\u626d\u8f49\u4e86\u9019\u4e8c\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u4f86\u5b78\u754c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u53ef\u898b\u4ed6\u4e0d\u662f\u885b\u9053\u5fc3\u5207\u4f46\u537b\u8a5e\u7aae\u7406\u8667\u624d\u51fa\u6b64\u300c\u4e0b\u7b56\u300d\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f35\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u7528\u8b49\u64da\u5f0f\u601d\u8003\u53bb\u63a5\u53d7\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3002[4]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5176\u5be6\u4eca\u5929\u5f88\u591a\u53d7\u904e\u9ad8\u6df1\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4eba\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\u57fa\u7763\u6559\uff0c\u6216\u4e0d\u6070\u7576\u5730\u63a5\u53d7\u57fa\u7763\u6559\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u8ff7\u4fe1\u5730\u76f8\u4fe1\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u53d7\u5230\u7f85\u7d20\u3001\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f9d\u5fb7\u548c\u99ac\u514b\u65af\u7b49\u4eba\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u4e0d\u89ba\u5730\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u67d0\u7a2e\u77e5\u8b58\u8ad6\u7acb\u5834\uff0c\u9019\u4ee4\u4ed6\u5011\u7247\u9762\u5730\u770b\u9019\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u53ea\u61c2\u554f\u8b49\u64da\uff0c\u537b\u4e0d\u8003\u616e\u4fe1\u5ff5\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u7f85\u7d20\u548cW. K. Clifford\u8aaa\u6c92\u6709\u8db3\u5920\u8b49\u64da\u5c31\u751a\u9ebc\u90fd\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f9d\u5fb7\u548c\u99ac\u514b\u65af\u8aaa\u7522\u751f\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u5ff5\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u6307\u5411\u4e8b\u5be6\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u5ec2\u60c5\u9858\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u8aa4\u5c0e\u6c11\u773e\u95dc\u6ce8\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u9d09\u7247\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8ab2\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e09\uff0e\u4fe1\u5fc3\u8207\u7406\u6027
\u9019\u7406\u8ad6\u5c1a\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u512a\u9ede\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5b83\u6c92\u6709\u64c1\u62b1\u81ea\u7136\u795e\u5b78\uff08\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b49\u660e\u3001\u6216\u5df2\u7d93\u8b49\u660e\u3001\u6216\u61c9\u8a72\u8b49\u660e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\uff09\uff0c\u537b\u80fd\u7dad\u8b77\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u5ff5\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\u3002\u5408\u7406\u6027\u8005\uff0c\u5373\u5982\u4e0a\u6587\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u5ff5\u4eab\u6709\u7684\u6b63\u9762\u77e5\u8b58\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\u662f\u7368\u7acb\u65bc\u8b49\u64da\u4e4b\u591a\u5c11\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u81ea\u7136\u795e\u5b78\u591a\u662f\u6e90\u81ea\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u795e\u5b78\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u56e0\u8457\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u5206\u5225\uff0c\u9019\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u96db\u5f62\u65bc\u516b\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u51fa\u73fe\u6642\uff0c\u5df2\u9bae\u660e\u5730\u4ee5\u6539\u9769\u5b97\u77e5\u8b58\u8ad6\u81ea\u5c45\uff0c\u4ee5\u7a81\u986f\u5b83\u6709\u5225\u65bc\u81ea\u7136\u795e\u5b78\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u8b1b\u6c42\u8b49\u64da\u548c\u8b49\u660e\u3002\u4e0d\u8ad6\u662f\u76f8\u6bd4\u8d77\u90a3\u4e9b\u5805\u6301\u8a34\u8af8\u8b49\u64da\uff08\u800c\u7d55\u671b\u5931\u843d\uff09\u7684\u555f\u8499\u7406\u6027\u7acb\u5834\u3001\u6216\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e7e\u8106\u56eb\u5707\u541e\u68d7\u5730\u6258\u8a5e\u4fe1\u5fc3\u8207\u7406\u6027\u5b8c\u5168\u7121\u95dc\u7684\u9003\u907f\u5fc3\u614b\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6709\u95dc\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u5ff5\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u90fd\u66f4\u70ba\u512a\u8d8a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7d50\u8a9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Plantinga\u5728\u9019\u4e8c\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u9593\u5c31\u9019\u8ab2\u984c\u5beb\u4e86\u5341\u6578\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u4e00\u9023\u4e09\u518a\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u7b46\u8005\u53ea\u80fd\u5118\u91cf\u4ee5\u7c21\u6f54\u6587\u5b57\u4ecb\u7d39\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u6b32\u5728\u6b64\u8b49\u660e\u6216\u8a55\u8ad6\u9019\u7406\u8ad6\uff1b\u53c8\u7531\u65bc\u7b2c\u4e00\u9ede\u727d\u6d89\u8a31\u591a\u95dc\u65bc\u77e5\u8b58\u8ad6\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u54f2\u5b78\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u4e00\u500b\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u4ecb\u7d39\u9808\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u90a3\u4e9b\u5c08\u9580\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u8ad6\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5f88\u62b1\u6b49\uff0c\u7919\u65bc\u7bc7\u5e45\u548c\u53ef\u8b80\u6027\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u6c92\u6709\u4ecb\u7d39\u90a3\u4e9b\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002\u53ea\u662f\u7b46\u8005\u89ba\u5f97\u83ef\u4eba\u4fe1\u5f92\u5c0d\u9019\u65b9\u9762\u8a8d\u8b58\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u63d0\u7b46\u5f15\u4ecb\uff0c\u85c9\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e09\u500b\u8981\u9ede\u8b93\u8b80\u8005\u638c\u63e1\u9019\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u6897\u6982\uff0c\u4ea6\u76fc\u671b\u80fd\u6fc0\u8d77\u4e00\u4e9b\u601d\u7dd2\u3002\u6709\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u8b80\u8005\u53ef\u53c3\u8003\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5217\u51fa\u7684Plantinga\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u77ed\u6587\u548c\u4e09\u518a\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u9996\u5169\u518a\u662f\u7d14\u54f2\u5b78\u77e5\u8b58\u8ad6\u7684\u63a2\u8a0e\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u518a\u5247\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u61c9\u7528\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u554f\u984c\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ef\u7368\u7acb\u4f86\u95b1\u8b80\uff08\u5176\u4e2d\u8b6f\u5feb\u5c07\u51fa\u7248\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.\u9019\u516c\u5f0f\u5728\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u754c\u53d7\u5230\u731b\u70c8\u7684\u62a8\u64ca\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u8db3\u5920\u7406\u64da\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u4ea6\u672a\u5fc5\u80fd\u6210\u70ba\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u57fa\u672c
   \u7cbe\u795e\u5c1a\u5728\u3002
2. \u9019\u4e09\u9ede\u662f\u6211\u7684\u7e3d\u7d50\uff0c\u4ed6\u6c92\u6709\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\u3002
3. \u53c3Plantinga, The Nature of Necessity (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1974).
4. \u53c3Plantinga, 2000, ch. 14.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u5ff5\u7684\u6b63\u9762\u77e5\u8b58\u5730\u4f4d<\/p>\n

\u300c\u6211\u5011\u6709\u7406\u7531\u76f8\u4fe1\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u55ce\uff1f\u5b83\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\u55ce\uff1f\u82e5\u6211\u5011\u6c92\u6709\u8db3\u5920\u8b49\u64da\u53bb\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u771f\u7684\u6709\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u76f8\u4fe1\u7942\uff01\u300d\u4e5f\u8a31\u9019\u624d\u662f\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u662f\u975e\u7406\u6027\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff08\u7f85\u7d20Bertrand Russell\u4fbf\u6709\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u8b1b\u6cd5\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u8a00\u8ad6\u6709\u5225\u65bc\u90a3\u4e9b\u76f4\u63a5\u6307\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u53cd\u5c0d\u8ad6\u9ede\uff0c\u56e0\u5b83\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u95dc\u5fc3\u7a76\u7adf\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u91dd\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8b49\u64da\u652f\u6301\u9019\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff1b\u53c8\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u5f9e\u6b77\u4ee3\u5b97\u6559\u54f2\u5b78\u8a0e\u8ad6\u88e1\u77e5\u9053\u4e16\u4e0a\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u7d55\u5c0d\u5730\u8b49\u660e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8ad6\u8b49\uff0c\u6309\u897f\u65b9\u50b3\u7d71\u77e5\u8b58\u8ad6\u88e1\u300c\u4fe1\u5ff5\u52a0\u4e0a\u7406\u64da(justification)\u624d\u7b97\u70ba\u77e5\u8b58\u300d\u7684\u516c\u5f0f[1]\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u8072\u7a31\u64c1\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u95dc\u65bc\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6216\u4ed6\u5011\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u300c\u77e5\u8b58\u300d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u6240\u64c1\u6709\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u300c\u4fe1\u5ff5\u300d\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u662f\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8db3\u5920\u7406\u64da\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u7a31\u4e0d\u4e0a\u662f\u77e5\u9053\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u95dc\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6216\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u82e5\u4e00\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u6c92\u6709\u7d93\u904e\u56b4\u8b39\u7406\u6027\u7684\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u82e5\u4ed6\u6c92\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u904e\u8a31\u591a\u6b63\u53cd\u8ad6\u8b49\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4fbf\u662f\u975e\u7406\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u53c8\u56e0\u6b77\u4ee3\u90a3\u4e9b\u5927\u6709\u5b78\u554f\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u7d55\u5c0d\u5730\u8b49\u660e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8ad6\u8b49\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u4efb\u4f55\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u8072\u7a31\u300c\u77e5\u9053\u300d\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u95dc\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6216\u6551\u6069\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u77e5\u8b58\u8ad6\u7684\u6311\u6230\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-91","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-5"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.allenchow.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/91"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.allenchow.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.allenchow.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.allenchow.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.allenchow.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=91"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.allenchow.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/91\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":92,"href":"https:\/\/www.allenchow.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/91\/revisions\/92"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.allenchow.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=91"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.allenchow.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=91"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.allenchow.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=91"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}